社会人必修课:提高沟通技能的9种方法

It’s important to figure out what result you are after before you start the conversation. Knowing your objective helps you to direct the conversation and to remain on point. What are you hoping to accomplish? Are you trying to give help, resolve a conflict, or collaborate on a project or issue? Are you seeking advice or trying to influence behavior? Your desired outcome helps to determine the flow of communication.
在谈话前想清楚谈话的结果非常重要。明确目标能助你直达主题并让对话围绕主题展开。你想完成什么？你是想得到帮助，还是想解决争端，抑或合作完成一个项目或解决一个问题？你是在寻求建议还是想影响对方的行为？你想要的结果会影响谈话的发展。

6. Listen
6. 学会倾听

Eye contact is crucial. Be polite and don’t interrupt. No one likes being interrupted and though it’s natural to want to rush in to make your point, it’s very disrespectful of the other person’s thoughts. Try to understand the other person’s perspective. Maintain an open mind. Learning how to value different viewpoints can be an important communication tool.
眼神交流很重要。要有礼貌，不要打断对方的谈话。没有人喜欢被人打断，每个人急着想表明自己的观点，这是非常自然的，但这却是对别人想法的不尊重。试着去理解他人的想法。保持开放的态度。学会去权衡不同的观点是非常重要的沟通技能。

7. Notice non-verbal cues
7. 注意身体语言

Watch body language. Lack of eye contact, distraction, or fidgeting are often signs of restlessness or impatience. Yawning or sighing are usually signs of mental or physical fatigue. When you notice these types of non-verbal signals, it’s a sign that this conversation is not going to be a productive one. Quickly wrap up the conversation, postpone the conversation, or inquire about the discomfort if your relationship allows.
观察身体语言。要是对方缺少眼神交流、或分神、坐立不安，这往往是烦躁不安或不耐烦的标志。打哈欠或叹气通常是精神或身体上疲倦的标志。当你注意到这些类型的非语言信号时，你要知道这表示这次对话不会有什么作用。迅速完成谈话或推迟谈话。如果你们的关系还不错的话，还可以问一下对方是不是不舒服。

8. Request feedback
8. 寻求反馈

Confirm that you have a mutual understanding of what’s being communicated. We often think that we’ve reached a resolution and come to an understanding, only to find out that we have completely misunderstood the other person’s thoughts. This not only confirms that you have successfully communicated; it also makes the other person feel that they have been heard and understood.
确认一下双方对谈话内容的理解是不是一致。我们经常以为形成了解决方案、达成了共识，结果往往是我们完全误解了他人的想法。寻求输入和反馈。寻求反馈不仅能确保顺利沟通，也会让对方感觉到你在倾听并理解了他们的想法。

9. Follow-up
9. 后续工作

Be clear about what actions will be taken and establish accountability. Confirm deadlines, responsibility, and expectations. If relevant, document any agreements in writing. A clear understanding of what is supposed to happen next can help avoid a conflict later on.
要清楚会采取何种行动并建立问责制。确认最后期限、责任和期望。如果可以，把相关的协议用书面的形式保存下来。明确下一步能够避免过后的争端。

Always try to end your communication in a friendly manner. Reiterate your thanks and try to leave the other individual feeling understood and valued. Productive communication involves respect, consideration, awareness, and clarity. It is possible to be both direct and kind and still get the results you want.
尽量用友好的态度去结束每一次交流。重申你的感谢之意并让他人感到你的理解和珍视。想要交流取得成效，你需要尊重关心谈话对方，感悟和明确谈话内部。你可以率直而友善地与对方交流，也还是能得到你想要的结果。