Facebook首席运营官给职场女性的三个建议

So for any of us in this room today, let's start out by admitting we're lucky. We don't live in the world our mothers lived in, our grandmothers lived in, where career choices for women were so limited. And if you're in this room today, most of us grew up in a world where we had basic civil rights, and amazingly, we still live in a world where some women don't have them. But all that aside, we still have a problem, and it's a real problem. And the problem is this: Women are not making it to the top of any profession anywhere in the world. The numbers tell the story quite clearly. 190 heads of state -- nine are women. Of all the people in parliament in the world, 13 percent are women. In the corporate sector, women at the top, C-level jobs, board seats -- tops out at 15, 16 percent. The numbers have not moved since 2002 and are going in the wrong direction. And even in the non-profit world, a world we sometimes think of as being led by more women, women at the top: 20 percent.
今天在座的各位，我们先承认我们是幸运的。我们没有生活在我们母亲和我们祖母生活过的那个世界，在那时女性的职业选择是非常有限的。今天在座的各位，大多数人成长于一个女性有基本公民权的世界。令人惊讶的是我们还生活在一个有些女性还没有这些权利的世界。但除上所述，我们还有一个问题，它是一个实际问题，这问题是：在世界各地，女性没担任任何职业的高管职位。这些数据很清楚地告诉我们这实情。190个国家元首里，九位是女性领导。在世界上议会的总人数中，13%是女性议员。在公司部门，女性占据高位，C级职位，董事会席位——高管职位比例占15%，16%。 自从2002年起这数据没变化过，且有下降趋势。即使在非营利行业，我们有时认为这一行业会有更多女性领导者，但女性领导人只占20%。

We also have another problem, which is that women face harder choices between professional success and personal fulfillment. A recent study in the U.S. showed that, of married senior managers, two-thirds of the married men had children and only one-third of the married women had children. A couple of years ago, I was in New York, and I was pitching a deal, and I was in one of those fancy New York private equity offices you can picture. And I'm in the meeting -- it's about a three-hour meeting -- and two hours in, there kind of needs to be that bio break, and everyone stands up, and the partner running the meeting starts looking really embarrassed. And I realized he doesn't know where the women's room is in his office. So I start looking around for moving boxes, figuring they just moved in, but I don't see any. And so I said, "Did you just move into this office?" And he said, "No, we've been here about a year." And I said, "Are you telling me that I am the only woman to have pitched a deal in this office in a year?" And he looked at me, and he said, "Yeah. Or maybe you're the only one who had to go to the bathroom."
我们还面临着另一个问题，就是女性在职业成功和个人价值实现中所面临的艰难选择。美国最近一个研究表明，在已婚高管人员中，三分之二的已婚男性高管人员有孩子，只有三分之一的已婚女性高管人员有孩子。几年前，我到纽约去谈一个协议，在一个你能想象到的那种别致的纽约私募投资办事处。我参加了这个会议——会议时常约有3小时——2小时后有去盥洗室的休息时间，所有人都站起来，会议组织者开始显得很尴尬。我意识到他不知道在他办公室哪里是女洗手间。所以我开始寻找移动厕所，想着他们可能刚搬进来，但我没有看到任何移动厕所。然后我说，“你是刚搬到这办公室吗？” 他说，“不是，我们在这儿已经有一年了。” 我说，“你能否告诉我这一年来，我是唯一一个来这间办公室的女性吗？” 他看着我，说到， “是的。或者说你可能是唯一一个要上女洗手间的。”

So the question is, how are we going to fix this? How do we change these numbers at the top? How do we make this different? I want to start out by saying, I talk about this -- about keeping women in the workforce -- because I really think that's the answer. In the high-income part of our workforce, in the people who end up at the top -- Fortune 500 CEO jobs, or the equivalent in other industries -- the problem, I am convinced, is that women are dropping out. Now people talk about this a lot, and they talk about things like flextime and mentoring and programs companies should have to train women. I want to talk about none of that today, even though that's all really important. Today I want to focus on what we can do as individuals. What are the messages we need to tell ourselves? What are the messages we tell the women who work with and for us? What are the messages we tell our daughters?
所以问题是，我们该怎样解决这样的尴尬？我们怎样改变这些高管职位的比例？我们怎样使这件事变得不一样？我首先想说，说说这个——女性就职——因为我确认这就是答案。在职场高收入群体中，在高管人员中——财富500强首席执行官，或其它行业的类似职业——我确信女性被排除在外。当下人们对此谈了很多，他们谈到像弹性工作制、指导和培训女性的计划。今天我不想谈这些，尽管这些都非常重要。今天我想谈的是作为个人我们能做什么。我们要告诉自己什么？ 我们要告诉女同事和女员工什么？我们要告诉女儿的事是什么？

Now, at the outset, I want to be very clear that this speech comes with no judgments. I don't have the right answer. I don't even have it for myself. I left San Francisco, where I live, on Monday, and I was getting on the plane for this conference. And my daughter, who's three, when I dropped her off at preschool, did that whole hugging-the-leg, crying, "Mommy, don't get on the plane" thing. This is hard. I feel guilty sometimes. I know no women, whether they're at home or whether they're in the workforce, who don't feel that sometimes. So I'm not saying that staying in the workforce is the right thing for everyone.
现在首先，我想澄清，这个演讲不带有任何评判。我也没有正确答案。甚至对我自己，我也没有完全的答案。在周一，我离开我生活的加利福尼亚，我坐上飞机赶赴这次会谈。当我送我三岁的女儿到幼儿园时，她紧紧抱紧我的腿，哭喊着“妈咪，不要上飞机”之类的话。这很难受。有时我感到内疚。我知道无论是家庭主妇，还是职业女性，有时她们都会感同身受。所以我不会说对所有人说，待在职场是件正确的事。

My talk today is about what the messages are if you do want to stay in the workforce, and I think there are three. One, sit at the table. Two, make your partner a real partner. And three, don't leave before you leave.
今天我的演讲是要说，如果你真正想待在职场该怎么做。我有3条建议。一，坐在桌旁。二，让你的伴侣成为一个真正的合作伙伴。三，在你离开前别放弃。

Number one: sit at the table. Just a couple weeks ago at Facebook, we hosted a very senior government official, and he came in to meet with senior execs from around Silicon Valley. And everyone kind of sat at the table. And then he had these two women who were traveling with him who were pretty senior in his department, and I kind of said to them, "Sit at the table. Come on, sit at the table," and they sat on the side of the room. When I was in college my senior year, I took a course called European Intellectual History. Don't you love that kind of thing from college? I wish I could do that now. And I took it with my roommate, Carrie, who was then a brilliant literary student -- and went on to be a brilliant literary scholar -- and my brother -- smart guy, but a water-polo-playing pre-med, who was a sophomore.
第一，坐在桌旁。 仅仅几周前，在Facebook我们主持了一个非常高级行政官员会议，他（马克•扎克伯格）与来自硅谷的高级行政官员一一见面。每个人都坐在桌边。和他一起来的还有2名女性，她们在他的部门也占非常高的职位。我对她们说，“坐在桌边。来吧，坐在桌边。” 她们坐在了屋子的一边。 我在大四时，选修了一节欧洲思想史的课程。你们喜爱大学的这类课程吗？我希望我现在能上这门课。我和我室友卡丽一起学习， 她那时是一个才华横溢的文科生——然后成为了一个杰出的学者。我的弟弟——一个聪明的小伙子，但他爱打水球，他大二，念医学预科。

The three of us take this class together. And then Carrie reads all the books in the original Greek and Latin, goes to all the lectures. I read all the books in English and go to most of the lectures. My brother is kind of busy. He reads one book of 12 and goes to a couple of lectures, marches himself up to our room a couple days before the exam to get himself tutored. The three of us go to the exam together, and we sit down. And we sit there for three hours -- and our little blue notebooks -- yes, I'm that old. And we walk out, and we look at each other, and we say, "How did you do?" And Carrie says, "Boy, I feel like I didn't really draw out the main point on the Hegelian dialectic." And I say, "God, I really wish I had really connected John Locke's theory of property with the philosophers who follow." And my brother says, "I got the top grade in the class." "You got the top grade in the class? You don't know anything."
我们三人一起选修这课。然后卡丽读了所有希腊文和拉丁文的原版书籍，去了所有的课。我读了所有的英语书，上了大多数的课。我弟弟有点忙。他读了12本书中的一本，去上了几节课，在考试前几天他来到我们房间自己辅导了一下。我们三个一起去考试了，我们坐下来。我们带着我们的小蓝笔记本考了有3个小时，是的。我们走出来，互相看着对方，我们说，“你考得怎样？” 卡丽说，“哎，我感到我真没有答对有关黑格尔辩证法的要点。” 我说，“上帝啊，我真希望我考试时能想到学过的洛克的产权理论和相关的哲学家。” 我弟弟却说， “我会是班里考得最好的。” “你会是班里考得最好的？你啥都不知道。”

The problem with these stories is that they show what the data shows: women systematically underestimate their own abilities. If you test men and women, and you ask them questions on totally objective criteria like GPAs, men get it wrong slightly high, and women get it wrong slightly low. Women do not negotiate for themselves in the workforce. A study in the last two years of people entering the workforce out of college showed that 57 percent of boys entering, or men, I guess, are negotiating their first salary, and only seven percent of women. And most importantly, men attribute their success to themselves, and women attribute it to other external factors. If you ask men why they did a good job, they'll say, "I'm awesome. Obviously. Why are you even asking?" If you ask women why they did a good job, what they'll say is someone helped them, they got lucky, they worked really hard. Why does this matter? Boy, it matters a lot because no one gets to the corner office by sitting on the side, not at the table, and no one gets the promotion if they don't think they deserve their success, or they don't even understand their own success.
这类故事的问题反映了数据中表明的事实：女性整体低估了自身的能力。如果你测试男性和女性，你问他们问题，比如像绩点这样完全客观的领域，男性会错误地高估一些，女性则会错误地低估一些。女性在职场不会为自身利益去谈判。过去两年有一个关于人们从学校进入职场的一个调查表明，57%的男生或男性（我猜）进入职场，会协商他们的第一份薪水，只有7%的女性会去协商。更重要的是，男性把他们的成功归功于他们自身，而女性则归功于其他外部因素。如果你问男性为什么他们能把工作做好，他们会说，“我棒极了。这是显而易见的。这还用问吗？” 如果你问女性是什么使她们在工作中出色，她们会说有人帮助她们，她们很幸运，她们工作异常努力。这个问题很重要吗？大家注意了，这关系很大，因为没人只坐在旁边（而不是桌边）就得到办公室的职位。没人得到提升是因为他们不认为应该享有成功，或者他们甚至不明白自己的成功。

I wish the answer were easy. I wish I could just go tell all the young women I work for, all these fabulous women, "Believe in yourself and negotiate for yourself. Own your own success." I wish I could tell that to my daughter. But it's not that simple. Because what the data shows, above all else, is one thing, which is that success and likeability are positively correlated for men and negatively correlated for women. And everyone's nodding, because we all know this to be true.
我但愿这答案是简单的。我希望我尽可能告诉我共事过的所有年轻女性，这些非常棒的女性， “相信自己，要为自身利益讨价还价。把握住你的成功。” 我也希望能把这个告诉我的女儿。但这没那么简单。因为首先数据表明的一件事是，成功和好人缘对于男性来说是积极影响的而对于女性来说是负面影响。每个人都赞同，因为我们大家都知道这是真的。