企业竟然激励员工睡眠

Turns out a good night's rest is good for business.
原来，夜晚的良好睡眠对企业有利。

One-third of American workers aren't sleeping enough to function at peak levels, and that chronic exhaustion is costing billions of dollars in lost productivity, according to researchers from Harvard Medical School.
哈佛医学院(Harvard Medical School)的科研人员表示，三分之一的美国劳动者由于睡眠不足不能在工作时达到最佳状态，劳动者的长期疲惫还给生产力带来了巨大的损失。

Managers at a growing number of concerns, among them Procter & Gamble Co., PG +0.01%and Goldman Sachs Group Inc., GS +1.04%are waking up to the problem, investing in programs from sleep-hygiene courses to melatonin-regulating lighting to help employees improve their slumber.
越来越多企业──其中包括宝洁公司(Procter & Gamble Co.)和高盛集团(Goldman Sachs Group Inc.)──的管理者开始逐渐意识到了这个问题。为了帮助员工提高睡眠质量，这些企业花钱投资了从睡眠卫生课程到褪黑素调节灯具等一系列项目。

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates 40.6 million American workers, or 30% of the civilian workforce, don't get enough rest. And the Harvard scientists estimated in 2011 that sleep deprivation costs U.S. companies $63.2 billion in lost productivity per year, mainly because of 'presenteeism,' people showing up for work but operating at subpar levels. One example, from a separate team at Singapore Management University: Workers waste an extra 8.4 minutes online岸checking email, refreshing the TMZ.com home page, and so on岸for every hour of interrupted sleep the previous night.
美国疾病控制与预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)估计，约有4,060万美国劳动者──即全美就业人数的30%──没有得到充分的休息。哈佛医学院的科学家们在2011年曾预计，睡眠剥夺每年给美国企业带来的生产力损失达632亿美元，其中的主要原因是“出勤主义”，即劳动者出现在工作岗位上但工作效率低下。新加坡管理大学(Singapore Management University)的一个科研团队发现：劳动者前一个晚上被打扰的每一个小时的睡眠会导致他们第二天多浪费8.4分钟上网，比如查邮件、刷新八卦网站等。

Managers struggle to motivate exhausted workers. During busy holiday periods at the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek resort in Avon, Colo., long hours sometimes lead to short fuses among staff. 'You have to try to figure out who's feeling frustrated and help them cut loose to get some rest,' said Scott Gubrud, director of sales and marketing at the hotel, which last week began a series of better-sleep initiatives for both employees and guests.
为激励疲惫不堪的员工，管理人员使出了浑身解数。在位于科罗拉多州埃文(Avon)的比佛溪柏悦度假村(Park Hyatt Beaver Creek Resort)，度假旺季的长时间工作有时会令员工之间产生摩擦。该度假村销售和市场主管古布鲁德(Scott Gubrud)称，你必须要设法找出情绪沮丧的员工，并帮他们放下活儿去休息一会儿。本月，该度假村针对员工和客人发起了一系列“好眠”倡议。

'If we treated machinery like we treat the human body, there would be breakdowns all the time,' said James Maas, a former Cornell University psychologist and author of 'Sleep for Success.'
前康奈尔大学(Cornell University)心理学家、《有睡眠才会成功》(Sleep for Success)一书的作者马斯(James Maas)表示，如果用对待身体的方式来对待机器，机器随时都会崩溃。

Companies have been slow to grasp the effects of sleep deprivation on productivity, but it is now a hot topic even in hard-driving industries, such as finance, where pulling all-nighters is often viewed as crucial to getting ahead.
企业在领会睡眠剥夺对生产力的影响上向来迟钝，但是现在这已然成为了热门话题，即使在金融业等压力繁重的行业也是如此。在这些行业，熬夜常被视为成功的关键因素。

Mr. Maas, who says he coined the phrase 'power nap' 36 years ago, gave a talk about sleep hygiene at Goldman Sachs in 2011 that was so oversubscribed it had to be broadcast via conference call to accommodate the 1,000 or so people who wanted to attend. He spoke last year at hedge-fund firm D.E. Shaw & Co., which has nap pods sprinkled around its offices.
马斯2011年曾在高盛举办过一场关于睡眠卫生的讲座，想要报名参加讲座的员工多到高盛不得不通过电话会议的方式对讲座进行广播，才能满足大约1,000名员工的需求。马斯称，他在36年前就创造了“能量小盹”这个词。去年，他在对冲基金公司德劭集团(D.E.Shaw & Co.)也举办了一次讲座，现在该公司的办公室内摆满了睡眠舱。

Yet perceptions linger that sleep is for sissies and loafers, and neither Goldman nor Shaw would comment directly about why they're addressing employees' sleep habits. A 2012 University of Southern California study of young investment bankers suggests that punishing hours, and resulting sleep deprivation, contributed to physical and emotional ailments within four years on the job.
然而，有关睡觉是娘娘腔和懒汉们专利的看法仍然挥之不去，而且无论是高盛还是德劭都不愿意就关注雇员睡眠习惯的原因直接置评。南加利福利亚大学(University of Southern California) 2012年一项针对青年投资银行家的研究表明，加班以及由此导致的睡眠剥夺，对最近四年工作期间内出现的身体及情绪疾病负有责任。

'People in investment banking have been my main clients for the last few years because they're so exhausted and under so much pressure,' said Mr. Maas, adding that bankers usually don't want to hear about how to get more sleep. Instead, they want tips for performing well on five or six hours' rest.
马斯称，在过去的几年里，投资银行从业人员一直是我的主要客户，因为他们疲惫不堪，并且承受着巨大的压力。他补充道，银行家们通常不愿意听取有关如何增加睡眠的建议，他们更想要的是只睡五、六个小时就能生龙活虎的高招。

The risks of fatigue are especially acute in professions like health care and manufacturing, which involve overnight shifts and where a single careless error can put lives in danger.
疲劳的风险在医疗和制造等行业中尤为严重。这些行业涉及夜班，稍有疏忽就会导致生命危险。