求职惨失败 原因知多少

You aced the interview, your resume sings, but in the end, you didn't get the job. Chances are, you'll never know why.
你在面试中表现优异，你的简历也令人赞叹，但最终还是没有得到那份工作，而且你很可能永远都不知道原因所在。

It is a painful conundrum of the job search process: Rejected candidates want to understand why they didn't get hired, but employers, fearing discrimination complaints, keep silent. And those who do speak up offer little more than platitudes.
这是求职过程中一个让人头疼的难题，一方面遭拒的求职者希望了解自己为什么没有获聘；另一方面雇主却因担心遭到歧视投诉而保持缄默，就算有雇主坦诚直言，所说的也只不过是陈词滥调。

Without specifics, candidates are left to repeat the same mistakes, while hiring managers complain they're swamped with applicants who miss the mark.
如果没有具体的反馈，求职者就会重复犯下同样的错误，招聘经理则抱怨他们总是遇见一批又一批不合格的求职者。

'You don't know how to adjust going forward, ' says technology professional Lisa Roberson. When she wasn't selected for a job in her field a few years ago, she emailed one of the people who had interviewed her to find out why.
从事科技工作的丽莎•罗伯森(Lisa Roberson)说：“你不知道该如何调整取得进步。”几年前，在应聘一份科技领域的工作落选后，她给其中一位面试官发了封电子邮件询问原因。

The response: Someone 'more suited' to the job had been hired. 'Well, I could have guessed that, ' said Ms. Roberson, who works in health-care IT.
面试官的回复是：他们找到了“更适合”那个职位的人选。罗伯森说：“好吧，我都能猜到这个回答。”现在她在医疗IT行业工作。

Such exchanges frustrate job seekers, especially those who have been searching for long periods and desperately want some insight into how they are viewed by hiring managers.
如此这般的交流会让求职者心生沮丧，而那些找了很长时间工作、迫切希望深入了解招聘经理如何看待他们的求职者更是如此。

Providge Consulting, a Delaware-based consulting firm, has a policy to keep candidates apprised at every step of its hiring process and scores candidates on a range of criteria to keep its decisions as objective as possible.
特拉华州咨询公司Providge Consulting制订了一项政策，在其招聘流程中的每一步都会通知求职者消息，依据一系列标准给他们评分，以此使招聘决定尽可能保持客观。

But when the reasons for a rejection can't be boiled down to more clear-cut measures like experience or education, HR managers 'attempt to minimize those conversations, ' said Tara Teaford, director of operations. That may mean offering a vague response, adding that the company will reach out if appropriate positions arise in the future.
该公司运营总监塔拉•蒂福德(Tara Teaford)称，如果求职者遭拒的原因不能以比较明确的标准来归结的话，比如工作经验或教育经历等，人事经理则会“试图简单应对那些谈话”。这可能意味着他们会给出含糊其辞的回复，另外还会补充说，如果未来有合适的职位，他们还会联系你。

'Most of it is trying to protect ourselves from potential litigation, ' says Ms. Teaford. 'Once you cross the line between objective and subjective, it gets very, very challenging.'
蒂福德说：“那样做主要是为了尽量保护我们自己免于潜在的诉讼，一旦你越过了客观和主观之间的界限，事情就会变得非常非常危险。”

And many of the firms that want to provide feedback have their hands tied by company lawyers.
此外，许多意欲提供反馈的企业也受到来自公司律师的约束。

Employers were put on notice in late 2012 when the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission identified discrimination in hiring practices as one of its priorities for the next three years, partly out of a recognition that few job seekers have the resources to hire a lawyer and press their claims through civil courts, according to Amy Fratkin, an employment lawyer. That means individual complaints will be more likely to result in lawsuits brought by the EEOC if the agency establishes a pattern of discrimination by the employer.
就业事务律师艾米•弗拉金(Amy Fratkin)称，各企业在2012年底接到通知，美国平等就业机会委员会(Equal Employment Opportunity Commission，简称“EEOC”)将把鉴定招聘过程中的歧视行为列为未来三年的首要任务之一。这么做部分是因为，他们意识到很少有求职者拥有聘请律师将其权利主张在民事法庭推进到底的资源。这意味着如果EEOC一旦确立了企业歧视行为的形式，个人的投诉将更有可能发展为由该机构提起的诉讼。

Linda Jackson, a partner with employment law firm Littler Mendelson, says she advises her clients against offering specific feedback to job candidates. For instance, telling someone he has too much experience for a particular job might be interpreted as age discrimination, she said.
琳达•杰克逊(Linda Jackson)是就业事务律师事务所Littler Mendelson的合伙人，她说她会建议客户不要向求职者提供具体的反馈。她举例说，告诉某个求职者他的经验对于某个职位来说过于丰富可能会被解读为年龄歧视。

Then there is the discomfort of relaying hard-to-hear information. Some hiring managers are so uncomfortable at the prospect of these conversations that they refuse to bring their business cards to interviews, says Amelia Merrill of Risk Management Solutions Inc., a risk-modeling firm in Silicon Valley.
其次，转告让人难以接受的消息也会让人不自在。硅谷风险建模公司Risk Management Solutions Inc.的阿米莉亚•梅里尔(Amelia Merrill)说，有些招聘经理一想到未来可能会有这样的谈话就觉得非常不舒服，所以他们去面试求职者时都不愿意带上名片。