在光线暗处看书真的对眼睛有害吗?

Mom always told us we'd go blind if we read in the dark. Does science back her up? Jim Sheedy, a doctor of vision science and director of the Vision Performance Institute at Oregon's Pacific University, sets his sights on the truth.
妈妈总是告诉我们如果我们在暗处看书会弄坏眼睛。这种说法有科学依据吗？且听俄勒冈太平洋大学(Pacific University)视觉功能学院(Vision Performance Institute)所长、视觉科学医生吉姆?希迪(Jim Sheedy)为我们揭示真相。

Dark Matter
暗处阅读

Turns out, our parents were wrong. 'There is no reason to believe nor evidence to support that any long-term damage to the eyes or change in the physiology to the eyes can be caused by reading in the dark,' Dr. Sheedy says。
原来，我们的父母是错的。希迪博士说：“我们没有理由认为，也没有证据证明，在暗处阅读会造成眼睛的长期损害，或引起眼睛的生理变化。”

That is not to say that nocturnal page-turning won't lead to discomfort or fatigue。
但这并不意味着在夜间昏暗光线下看书不会引起不适和疲劳。

The lack of light will cause the pupils to dilate, resulting in a smaller depth of field -- the distance between the nearest and farthest object that the eye considers to be in focus. Dr. Sheedy says the added effort to change focus (called the eye's accommodative system) and the effort to change the angle of the lines of sight between the two eyes (called the vergent system) will likely make your eyes feel tired and your body spent. But, of course, that's often the object of reading under the covers。
光线不足会引起瞳孔扩张，导致景深变小，即眼睛能聚焦的最近和最远的物体之间的距离变小。希迪博士说，费力地去变焦(通通过眼睛的调节系统)和费力去地改变两眼之间的视角(通过眼睛的收缩系统)可能会使你的眼睛和身体感到疲倦。当然，这通常是在被窝里看书的后果。

Seeing Clearly
看清楚

Dr. Sheedy says he assures his students that there isn't enough evidence to argue that what you do with your eyes leads to myopia (nearsightedness)： 'The predominant determinant of myopia is genetics.' No link to long-term damage has ever been conclusively shown, says Dr. Sheedy. 'It's an old tale, a ploy used by moms to get kids to go to sleep when they wanted them to,' he says。
希迪博士说他告诉他的学生现在还没有足够的证据能说明用眼习惯会导致近视：“近视的主要决定因素是遗传。”他说并没有确凿的证据证明长期损害跟近视之间存在关联。希迪博士说：“这只是一个古老的传说，是妈妈们希望孩子们去睡觉时常用的一个说辞。”

Electronic Age
电子时代

Reading on a tablet device won't damage your eyes, Dr. Sheedy says. His team has studied various fonts, computer displays and pixel resolutions, and found the difference in effect on the eye between reading e-ink and the printed word to be negligible。
希迪博士说，在平板设备上阅读文字不会伤害眼睛。他的团队对各种字体、电脑显示器和像素分辨率进行了研究，发现阅读电子读物和印刷文字对眼睛影响的差异是可以忽略不计的。

He adds that pixel density and screen resolution have reached the point at which the eye doesn't know which it is seeing. So if reading a printed book in dim light is fine, so is reading a Kindle or iPad。
他补充说，像素密度和屏幕分辨率已经发展到了让眼睛分辨不出电子读物和印刷文字之间差异的程度。如果在昏暗的光线下阅读印刷书籍没什么问题的话，在Kindle或iPad上阅读也不会有问题。