母乳喂养的孩子智商更高

Dr. Amy Tuteur, an obstetrician who writes a blog called skepticalob.com, is unconvinced by a four-point increase in IQ, saying the bump needs to be bigger to prove that it isn't just random variation. 'Intelligence is multifactoral and the idea that any one thing can make a big difference right away makes me skeptical,' she said. 'American IQ has been increasing steadily, it rose when breast-feeding rates were going down and it rose when breast-feeding rates were going up.'
然而，埃米•图特(Amy Tuteur)博士却没有被母乳喂养可使智商提高四分的结论说服，她是一名产科医生及博客skepticalob.com的博主。她说，若要证明那并不只是随机变量，智商提升值还需更高些。她指出：“智商水平涉及多个方面，我对认为任意一件事就能马上使智商发生重大改观的观点持怀疑态度。美国民众的智商一直在稳步提高，它在母乳喂养率上升时有提高，在母乳喂养率下降时也有提高。”

The possible link between breast milk and brain development is only starting to be teased out. Some theories suggest that it isn't the content of the milk but the bond between mother and child developed while nursing that accounts for some of the boost. Other ideas hinge on nutrients found in breast milk such as DHA and ARA, which are fatty acids linked to brain development. Some formula companies put DHA and ARA in their offerings.
母乳与大脑发育之间的潜在关联只是刚开始得到梳理。有些观点提出，促成智商提升的并非母乳中的成分，而是母乳喂养过程中母亲与孩子之间产生的情感纽带。其他一些观点则把它归功于在母乳中发现的DHA和ARA等营养成分，这些脂肪酸都与大脑发育有关。一些配方奶厂家也在它们的产品中添加DHA和ARA。

'There are nutrients in breast milk that don't really exist anywhere else, and we don't fully know why,' says Dimitri Christakis, a pediatrician at Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute and wasn't involved in the research.
西雅图儿童医院研究中心的儿科医生迪米特里•克里斯塔基斯(Dimitri Christakis)称：“母乳中有一些确实在其他物质中找不到的营养成分，我们也不完全了解其中的原因。”他并未参与发表于JAMA的那项研究。

He wrote an editorial in JAMA pediatrics on the study and leads an advocacy group called the Global Breast-feeding Initiative. In the editorial he contends the JAMA study should put skepticism to rest about whether breast-feeding is best for brain development and that society should make it easier and more acceptable for moms to nurse.
克里斯塔基斯在《美国医学会杂志•儿科学》上就该项研究撰写了一篇评论，他也是一个名为“母乳喂养全球倡议”(Global Breast-feeding Initiative)的倡导组织的领导者。他在评论中提出，该项研究有望平息对母乳喂养最有益于大脑发育的质疑，社会应当为母亲母乳喂养创造更轻松和更舒适的环境。

For Amra Chudleigh-Neal of Thousand Oaks, Calif., intelligence is just one more reason for her to breast-feed her 6-week old daughter. She said her older child, now 7, has above average IQ, which Ms. Chudleigh-Neal said could be in part because she exclusively breast-fed until her daughter was 6- months old.
对于住在加州千橡市的阿姆拉•查德利-尼尔(Amra Chudleigh-Neal)而言，提高智商只是她以母乳喂养其六周大的女儿的原因之一。她说，她七岁大的大女儿的智商高于平均水平，她认为这在一定程度上是因为她在女儿六个月大之前只给她喂母乳。

'It tends to be a little more of a sacrifice to nurse the second child, you think 'oh my gosh is it really worth it' but looking back with my older child I believe it did make a difference,' she said. Ms. Chudleigh-Neal receives extensive support from The Pump Station, a Los Angeles-area nursing resource center that helps with things like connecting moms to lactation professionals.
她说：“以母乳喂养这第二个孩子似乎是做出了一些牺牲，你会想‘哦，我的天，这真的值得吗’，但是回想一下我的大女儿，我就会认为这确实有关系。”查德利-尼尔受到了The Pump Station的广泛帮助，这家位于洛杉矶地区的母乳喂养资源中心为妈妈们提供各种帮助，比如帮她们联系哺乳问题专业人士。

Not everyone can breast-feed successfully, and that needn't make parents worry. 'Talk to your baby, hold your baby and read to your baby,' Dr. Belfort said. 'There are so many different factors in a child's development.'
然而，并非每个人都能成功做到母乳喂养，家长们也不必为此担心。贝尔福特建议：“你可以和孩子说说话，抱着他，读书给他听，孩子的发育涉及许许多多不同的因素。”

One difficulty in studying breast milk is that every feeding can vary based on the mother and what she has eaten. So the Boston researchers also examined a component in mothers' diets that might be responsible for children's brain development: fish, which contains DHA.
研究母乳喂养问题的一个难处是，每次喂奶都会因为母亲的状况及其饮食而有所变动。因此，波士顿儿童医院的研究人员也调查了妈妈们的饮食中一个可能会影响孩子大脑发育的成分──富含DHA的鱼。

The authors found that more than two or more servings of fish per week seemed to confer IQ benefits, but that boost in children's cognition wasn't statistically significant.
那些研究人员发现，每周吃鱼两次以上或更多次似乎有益于智商，但这给儿童认知能力带来的提升在统计数据上并无显著差异。