工作中遭遇“职场恶霸”该怎么办？

Most of what we know about bullying comes from the schoolyard. There is a broad body of research on the subject and it’s being discussed more and more in the media, including in public service announcements about how to teach kids to stick up for picked-on classmates. About one-third of people report being bullied as a child with about five to 10 percent reporting being severely victimized.
当提及“欺压”一词，我们想到的是学校里孩子间的行为。关于学校里孩子间恃强力弱的研究很多，社会也越来越关注这个问题，很多公众机构大力宣传如何教育自己的孩子不在学校被欺负和欺负别人。大约有三分之一的人告白自己在学校里被欺负过，其中有百分之十受到过很严重的伤害。

Kids can be cruel, but bullying is not a strictly childhood phenomenon. Many adults report being bullied at work, and the net effect of these toxic behaviors can leave us feeling humiliated, ashamed, embarrassed, intimidated and even depressed. Bullying is intentional hostility or aggression that is repeatedly directed at a target person who is usually less powerful than the bully. The hostilities can be emotional or physical, and the acts toward the target are done to coerce, intimidate or gain and maintain power. The topic of bullying in the workplace is a relatively new area of research (though, surely, people have been bullying each other for as long as they’ve worked together), but it is one that is growing rapidly.
孩子欺负孩子有时候会显得很残酷，然而，“欺压”的现象却不是只在学校出现的。很多成年人在工作中也受到过类似学校“欺压”的待遇。在工作做受到职场恶霸的欺压，会使我们感到屈辱、羞愧、尴尬、威胁甚至抑郁。职场欺压是一种敌视或侵略行为，在职场中，被欺压的人往往处于权利的劣势地位。职场欺压是个相对较新的研究话题（尽管从人们一开始在一起工作就有这种现象），然而，针对这个话题的研究也在不断进步。

Recognizing a Bully
什么叫职场欺压

Most simply, if you are repeatedly tormented and singled-out for intimation by a person who is trying to gain and use power over you, or to simply wear you down and frustrate you, then you’re being bullied.
非常简单，在职场中，如果你被同事反复欺负，或是收到威胁暗示；如果你被同事打击或是给你小鞋穿，那么你就遭遇了职场欺压。

If, on the other hand, your boss is simply a mean person and yells at you and everyone else quite a lot (like in "The Devil Wears Prada"), this is likely not bullying. It’s not always black or white; the line of what is and isn’t bullying can become very blurred.
从另一方面讲，如果你的老板是个脾气很火爆的人，老师对你和你的同事吼三吼四（就像电影‘穿普拉达的恶魔’里的老板一样）这样的情况不算是职场欺压。是不是职场欺压没有一个明确的定义，比较难界定。

Let’s assume, for the sake of discussion, that it is your immediate supervisor who’s after you. This woman, let’s call her Fran, is jealous of your performance. You’re far out-pacing her productivity when she was in your position, and it’s clear upper management has you on the radar for a promotion, perhaps even before Fran.
为了让你更明白，我们做个假设。比方说，你的直接上司是个女人，叫弗兰。她很嫉妒你的才干，因为你的工作能力比她强很多。你们的领导想要提拔你，也许职位会高过弗兰。

What does Fran do that’s so bad? Well, for starters, she always gives you assignments at about 4:45 p.m., right before it’s time to quit for the day. These assignments are always urgent, and they often come on Friday afternoons.
这时候，弗兰做了什么呢？最开始，她总是把工作拖到4:45才交给你做，在这以前，你什么工作都没有。这个工作呢，一般是很着急需要完成的。这样的事一般会在周五下午发生。

Fran also undermines you in public. She puts you down in subtle ways in front of others (“I liked your presentation at the meeting—I barely even noticed when you misreported those sales numbers.”), then explodes on you in emails, calling your ideas stupid and your choices uNPRofessional. On several occasions she has had the gall to lament about why you don’t treat her better, suggesting you’re not a team player. When other people are around, she sometimes supports your ideas, but everyone can sense her true feelings and your co-workers have even started to ask you why she dislikes you so much.
弗兰也会在其他人面前阴你，她会让你不经意就落入她设好的圈套。(“我喜欢你在会上的发言——我几乎没听出来你将销售额报错“)在发给你的邮件里她要爆发一下，说你的建议愚蠢，说你的工作很不专业。在某些场合，她会在同事面前装可怜说你对她不好。说你不合作。当其他同事在时，她有事会装作很支持你的想法。当然大家都能感觉到弗兰真正的想法，你的同事也会问你她为什么不喜欢你。

Having Fran as a boss makes going to work really stink. You love what you do but you hate your work environment. She’s got it out for you, and you’re overwhelmed by the sense that she’s not going to stop until you crack down the middle.
有弗兰这样的上级很让人头痛。你喜欢你的工作，但却讨厌这样的工作环境。她就这样和你杠上了，你会觉得她不会消停下来的，除非你中途败下阵来。

Does it sound like I know your bully? I have some personal experience with workplace and schoolyard bullying, and it’s true that one of the worst parts about it is feeling trapped, like there’s no way out of the situation.
这样你事发生在你头上过没？我有过在学校和职场被欺压的经历。这样的经历让人最难受的是觉得被困在了这样一个环境里，无处可逃。