骑自行车对身体有益,可延寿六年

'Now that we have better windows into physiology, we're beginning to see things we don't understand,' he said.
他说：“现在有了更好的研究生理学的窗口，我们开始逐渐了解不懂的东西了。”

Such changes may be more easily observed using new imaging and measurement tools. And, many findings about the heart are based on sick patients and shouldn't necessarily be extrapolated to healthy athletes, according to Dr. Bove.
这种身体变化用最新的成像和测量工具可能更容易观察到。而且博夫表示，许多心脏相关的研究都是针对病人所做，不一定适用于推测健康运动员的情况。

Another question with the study was whether it could shed light on the cardiac effects of doping with Epo, a medication used to treat anemia and other conditions by increasing the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream. Relatively little is known about the long-term effects of doping with Epo, which is used by endurance athletes to enhance their performance by training harder and is banned by the international cycling community in competition. But, when there is an overproduction of red blood cells in the bone marrow, a condition called polycythemia, heart attacks and strokes can result.
另一个有关该项研究的问题是，它是否对服用促红细胞生成素对心脏的影响具有指导意义。促红细胞生成素是一种通过增加血液中红血球数量治疗贫血及其他症状的药物。耐力运动员通过服用这种药物同时加大训练强度来提高成绩，但国际自行车界禁止在比赛中使用该药物。研究人员对服用促红细胞生成素带来的长期影响知之甚少。不过当骨髓中红血球过量时，就会出现一种名叫红血球增多症的症状，从而导致心脏病和中风发作。

It wasn't known which cyclists in the study were using what performance-enhancing substances, so the insight that could be gleaned from the study about Epo was limited.
尚不清楚该项研究中哪些车手用过哪些有助提高成绩的药物，因此从该项研究中得到的有关促红细胞生成素的见解很有限。

But, because the use of Epo was thought to be common among cyclists in the Tour de France in the 1990s, researchers expected that if Epo was linked to heart attacks, they would see an uptick in the number of deaths among riders in the past 20 years, as compared with competitors in previous decades, according to Dr. Marijon.
不过，马里恩说，由于促红细胞生成素的使用被认为在20世纪90年代环法自行车赛的车手中比较普遍，研究人员推测，若促红细胞生成素会造成心脏病发作，那么过去20年间的死亡的车手人数与之前相比会有所上升。

Instead, they observed no difference in the rate of death by decade, suggesting that 'probably there is no strong or immediate association with doping' and heart attack, said Dr. Marijon. He urged caution in interpreting the results and said that more research is needed over a longer period of a time.
马里恩说，但是他们并没有观察到以十年为周期的死亡率有什么差别，这表明“服用促红细胞生成素与心脏病发作之间并没有很强或直接的关联”。他敦促大家在解读研究结果时应谨慎，并表示需要更多的研究及增加研究的时间段。

The study also is being published Tuesday in the European Heart Journal.
该项研究同时于9月3日发表在《欧洲心脏期刊》(European Heart Journal)上。