复习考试拿高分的五个秘诀

Five secrets to revising that can boost your grades
复习考试：拿高分的五个秘诀

A huge new study of how people learn reveals the best techniques for exam success
一个关于学习方式的新的大型调查揭示了考试拿高分的最好的技巧

How do you get the most out of your revision time, and end up with the best grades you can? Or, if you're a different sort of student, how can you get the same grades you're getting now, but spend less time revising?
怎样复习最有效，同时能让你在考试时取得最好的成绩？ 或者，如果你属于另一类学生，怎样用更短的复习时间拿到和现在一样的成绩？

Either way, you need to know how to learn better. And fortunately, decades of research carried out by psychologists about learning and memory has produced some clear advice on doing just that.
无论你属于哪种情况，都需要知道怎样能学得更好。幸运的是，心理学家关于学习和记忆的数十年的研究，为我们在这方面提供了一些清晰的建议。

As an experimental psychologist, I am especially interested in learning. Most research on learning is done in a lab, with volunteers who come in once or twice to learn simple skills or lists of words.
作为一名实验心理学家，我对学习这一话题尤其感兴趣。大多数关于学习机理的研究都是通过让志愿者来一次或者两次实验室，学习简单的技能和单词表的方式进行的。

Wouldn't it be better, I thought, if we could study learning by looking at a skill people are practising anyway? And could we draw links between how people practise and how good they eventually get?
我在想，如果可以通过观察人们怎样通过练习掌握一门技能或者找到联系练习和结果的规律，岂不是更好？

Computer games provide a great way to study learning: they are something people spend many hours practising, and they automatically record every action people take as they practise. Players even finish the game with a score that tells them how good they are.
电脑游戏为研究学习机理提供了一个极好的例子：人们花很多时间玩游戏，而游戏会同时自动记录玩家练习时的每个动作。游戏结束的时候，玩家甚至会得到反映自己水平的分数。

Using data from a simple online game, my colleague Mike Dewar and I could analyse how more than 850,000 people learned to play. The resulting scientific paper, which has just been published, shows in uNPRecedented detail the shape of the learning curve, allowing us to test existing theories of learning, as well as suggesting some new ideas on the best ways to learn.
通过一个简单网络游戏的数据，我和我的同事迈克·杜瓦分析出八十五万余人是如何玩这个游戏的，这一研究结果刚刚以科学论文的形式发表。在论文中我们以前所未有的细节展示了学习曲线形状，由此我们得以测试现有学习理论，同时针对最好的学习方式提出一些新的想法。

So here are my five evidence-based tips on how to learn:
因而在此提出五条关于怎样学习的基于事实依据的建议：