研究:喜欢喝咖啡的人更诚实

The participants were then put in situations where researchers "encouraged them to go along with a lie in order to earn some extra money," Christian says. "We tried to replicate a situation where a boss or a peer was pressuring them to cut ethical corners at work."
随后，实验参与者们被安排在一个场景中，研究人员“鼓励他们用谎言来赢取更多的钱，”克里斯蒂安说。“我们尝试模拟这样一种场景，也就是，老板或者同事给他们施压，要求他们在工作中违背道德，捞取好处。”

The results: Those who got the extra boost of caffeine consistently balked when researchers urged them to cheat, while those who were just exhausted -- and had chewed the non-caffeinated gum -- showed a marked willingness to cast conscience aside and go along with the deception.
实验结果显示，在研究人员不断催促他们欺诈的压力下，那些额外摄入了咖啡因的被试验者一致表示拒绝；而那些筋疲力尽、只是嚼了无咖啡因口香糖的实验者们却表现出放弃道德感，愿意实施欺骗的倾向性。

Employers who want to reduce the likelihood of misbehavior should make sure people aren't putting in too many long hours without a break and "avoid scheduling tasks that require a great deal of self-control when looming deadlines make long hours unavoidable," the study concludes. Two other suggestions: Put in nap rooms at the office and don't skimp on the free coffee.
对于那些力图减少工作中品行不端现象的雇主们来说，应该确保员工不用长时间工作而得不到休息。研究认为，要“避免在截止期限临近、长时间工作不可避免的时候，安排需要极大自制力的工作。另外，研究人员还提出了两个建议：在办公室中设置午休室，也不要不舍得提供免费的咖啡。

"Our experiment doesn't explain all of people's decisions to do unethical things, but it is significant," says Christian. He points to statistics from the National Sleep Foundation that show that most Americans say they sleep, on average, only about five-and-a-half hours per night. The clinical definition of sleep deprivation is anything under seven.
克里斯蒂安说：“我们的实验无法解释人们做出有悖道德之举的全部原因，但是结论的意义十分重大”。他指出，全国睡眠基金会（National Sleep Foundation）的数据显示，大部分美国人每晚平均睡眠时间只有5.5个小时，而低于7小时的睡眠时间都会被临床诊断为“睡眠不足”。

So are we less ethical than back in 1999, when most of us claimed to get at least seven hours of shuteye? Maybe not: Caffeine consumption is up, too. The National Coffee Association, a trade group of java producers and purveyors, said in its annual report last month that we're gulping 18% more cappuccinos, lattes, and other espresso-based (read: strong) coffee drinks than we did in 2013.
那么，比起1999年来，如今的我们是否更加“不道德”呢？毕竟在当时，大部分美国人声称自己每晚至少会睡7个小时。答案或许是否定的，因为我们的咖啡因摄入量也在提高。美国咖啡协会（The National Coffee Association）是一个爪哇咖啡生产商和经销商的贸易团体。这个协会上个月发布的年度报告指出，我们消费的卡布奇诺、拿铁以及其他浓缩咖啡的总量比2013年上涨了18%。