英国大人们为孩子阅读习惯头疼

Pavan’s favourite activity is playing football outdoors. His second favourite is playing football indoors, and in third place is practising football skills against the sofa. Reading – the pursuit that Francis Bacon claimed “maketh a full man” – comes further down the eight-year-old’s list, behind school, going to discos, buying stuff, chatting to people, watching TV and playing on his Xbox games console.
8岁小男孩潘万(Pavan)最喜欢的活动是在户外踢足球，其次是在屋里踢足球，位居第三的，是在沙发上操练球技。培根(Francis Bacon)所谓“读书使人充实”的阅读，在潘万的活动计划名单中非常靠后，远在上学、跳迪斯科、购物、聊天、看电视以及玩Xbox游戏机之后。

Would he ever pick up a book for pleasure? “No,” Pavan shoots back jovially. “If I’m bored, I will ask my mum if I can play on her phone.” By this point, I am relieved that Michael Gove is not part of our conversation at a homework club in Harlesden Library, north London.
他会出于喜欢而读书吗？“不会，”潘万兴奋地摇摇头说。“自己若是心烦了，就会纠缠妈妈玩她的手机。”说到这里，我感觉如释重负，因为英国教育大臣迈克尔•戈夫(Michael Gove)不会成为我们在伦敦北部哈里斯登图书馆(Harlesden Library)举办的家庭作业俱乐部的谈话内容了。

The UK education secretary has long feared that British children are “just not reading enough”. The same concern has been raised by publishers and literacy charities, which worry that new distractions – computer games, online videos, social networking – are pushing books off the shelf. More than 60 per cent of 18-to-30-year-olds now prefer watching television or DVDs to reading, according to a survey for the charity Booktrust. A similar proportion of young people think the internet and computers will replace books in the next 20 years.
英国教育大臣一直担心本国孩子“阅读不足”。出版商以及扫盲慈善机构同样也有此隐忧，它们担心电脑游戏、网络视频以及网络社交等新的干扰物正一步步“鸠占鹊巢”。据慈善团体Booktrus调查研究，如今超过60%的18-30岁年轻人把看电视及DVD置于阅读之前。类似比例的年轻人认为因特网与电脑会在20年后取代纸质书籍。

The literacy debate received fresh impetus last October when a study from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development suggested that vast numbers of young people were leaving school without the ability to read well. Of the 24 industrialised countries covered by the research, England was the only one that went backwards, with literacy and numeracy skills lower among the young – those aged 16 to 24 – than the old. (The results were little better in Northern Ireland; Scotland and Wales were not included in the study.)
去年10月，经合组织(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)发布的研究报告表明大量年轻人毕业后的阅读能力差强人意，读写能力的争论获得了强有力的新依据。该研究报告涵盖了24个工业化国家，其中英国是唯一排名下滑的国家，其16-24岁年轻人的读写与计算能力逊于成年人。（北爱尔兰的研究结果也大同小异，研究报告并未涉及苏格兰与威尔士两个地区）。

The OECD’s hard-nosed economic concern with skills leads logically to reading for pleasure, which is closely associated with educational success. An analysis of the 1970 British cohort, tracking about 6,000 young people born in April of that year, found children’s test scores correlated more with how often they read than with how educated their parents were. “Being able to read a book mechanically is vital, but reading for pleasure shouldn’t be optional,” says Joanna Prior, managing director of Penguin UK. “The benefits will be reaped throughout a child’s life.”
经合组织务实地从经济角度考量技能问题，必然得出快乐阅读重要性的结论，而快乐阅读又与教育成功与否紧密关联。对英国1970年4月出生的6000人群体进行追踪分析，发现孩子们的考试成绩与其说和他们父亲的受教育程度相关，倒不如说与他们的阅读能力紧密关联。“能够按部就班的阅读至关重要，但快乐阅读也不是可有可无，”英国企鹅出版集团(Penguin UK)发言人乔安娜•普赖尔(Joanna Prior)说。“阅读将让孩子受益终生。”

For publishers, the commercial implications of a decline in literacy are obvious. In some ways the threat to the UK’s £3bn book market is more fundamental than that faced by the record industry: even when people stopped paying for music, they never stopped listening to it.
对于出版社来说，读写能力下降对自身商业利益的影响显而易见。在某些方面，它对英国年营业额30亿英镑的图书市场的威胁要大大高于对唱片业的影响：消费者即便不再花钱购买音乐产品，但他们仍一如既往地在欣赏音乐。

Literacy charities have tried various tricks to promote reading – including the Six Book Challenge, to get less confident readers in the habit; Quick Reads, which distributes short, easy texts for adults; and Premier League Reading Stars, which enlists top footballers to spend time with struggling schoolchildren. In areas such as Harlesden, such initiatives have drawn countless children and adults closer to books. But they are fragmented.
扫盲慈善团体想方设法提高国民的阅读能力————包括推出让自信心不足的学生养成阅读习惯的“Six Book Challenge”计划，给成年人分发短小易懂的阅读材料的Quick Reads计划、以及让英超明星陪伴学习有困难学生的Premier League Reading Stars计划。在哈里斯登等地区，这些计划成功地让无数学生及成年人亲近书籍，但星星之火，难成燎原之势。

So literacy charities have come together under a single “Reading for Pleasure” campaign in the hope of having greater impact, particularly in lobbying government. “We need to slightly toughen up the message,” says Prior. “There’s a literacy crisis in the country. There shouldn’t be anybody who doesn’t read properly when they leave school.”
所以扫盲慈善机构精诚团结，大张其鼓掀起目标单一的“快乐阅读”运动，以期拥有更大影响力，尤其是游说政府采取行动。“我们必须稍稍强化这一信息，”普赖尔说。“英国面临读写能力危机，每个学生毕业后，都应该有正常的阅读能力。”

Views differ on the most effective interventions. Some focus on the period in which books enter a child’s life; some on the ages of 10 and 11, when other hobbies often take over; and others see the emotionally formative teenage years as the most important. But the wider point is clear: “If you’re going to engage a reader for life, you need to engage them before they become an adult,” says Louisa Livingston, head of consumer insight at Hachette UK.
就采取何种最有效的干预手段，可谓众说纷纭。有些专家专注于书籍走入孩子生活的那个阶段；有些专注于其它兴趣爱好开始后来居上的10-11岁那个阶段；有些则认为情感成型的青少年时期最为关键。但专家的普遍共识是：“若要养成终生阅读习惯，就得在成人之前养成，”阿歇特集团(Hachette)负责消费者洞察能力的主管路易莎•利文斯顿(Louisa Livingston)说。