怎样做个少干活的好领导

'Being busy and acting busy can be addictive,' Mr. Liozu says.
里奥祖说：“忙碌的状态和忙碌的工作会让人上瘾。”

Despite such general skepticism, there are executives and managers who follow the do-more-by-doing-less principle and find that it works for them. Kyle McDowell, a Tampa-based vice president at UnitedHealth Group Inc., says he keeps his morning calendar clear to assess strategic goals. And when looking at job candidates, he ranks passion for the work above having the exact skills needed. He feels confident delegating even the most challenging projects to his enthusiastic reports, he says, because they are more willing to take chances. 'A lot of folks confuse output and effort,' says Mr. McDowell.
尽管有这么多的怀疑，但那些遵照“少做就是多做”原则的高管和管理者们发现这一招对他们很管用。联合健康集团(UnitedHealth Group Inc.)驻坦帕市(Tampa)的副总裁凯尔・麦克道尔(Kyle McDowell)说，他会把早上的时间空出来评估战略目标。在考量应聘者的时候，他会把工作热情排在专业技能之上。他说，对于那些满怀工作热情的下属，即便把最难的项目交给他们他也会很放心，因为这样的员工更愿意做各种尝试。麦克道尔说：“许多人把结果和努力混为一谈。”

Jeff Zwelling, a founder of five tech companies, recently spoke to a group of potential investors about his latest company, Convertro, a media measurement firm based in Santa Monica, Calif. Mr. Zwelling, chief executive and co-founder of the company, says he told the group that he personally follows an eight-hour workday -- a rarity in the startup world known for 90-hour weeks.
创立了五家科技公司的杰夫・韦林(Jeff Zwelling)近日向一批潜在投资者介绍他最近在加州 塔莫尼卡(Santa Monica)成立的媒体评估公司Convertro。作为公司首席执行长、联合创始人，韦林告诉这些投资者，他个人遵守工作日八小时的工作时间──这在以每周工作90个小时而著称的初创企业圈中实属罕见。

'I may go to Pilates at 3 p.m. and don't want you to think I'm a crappy CEO because of that,' Mr. Zwelling says he told the group. 'You're buying into someone who has a track record of success,' he says he assured them. Success, he adds, comes from 'not overwhelming myself with everyday tasks.'
韦林说他这样对那群投资者说道：“我下午三点会去上普拉提课，我不想你们因此就认为我是一个糟糕的CEO。”他说他向那些投资者保证，“你们即将跟进的是一个有着成功经历的人”。他补充说，成功来自于“自己不被每天的工作所淹没”。

Mr. Zwelling says he prefers hiring employees who have serious hobbies outside of work. It makes them more effective on the job, he says, because they want to have time left over for their other interests. He also leads by example, he says, explaining to each new hire that he works hard while at the office, which means not wasting time on social media or surfing the Web.
韦林说他喜欢雇佣那些在工作之外有严肃爱好的人。他说，这会让他们在工作中更有效率，因为他们希望留出时间来做其他自己感兴趣的事情。他说，他自己也以身作则，他会向每个新员工解释他会在办公室专心努力工作，而不是把时间浪费在社交媒体和上网上。

At office-furniture-maker Steelcase Inc., Donna Flynn, director of workspace futures, works at her own pace and lets her staff of behavioral researchers do the same. 'There are a lot of benefits to walking away from a problem you are fixated on solving and letting your subconscious do its work underneath the surface,' says Ms. Flynn, whose office is on her 20-acre ranch in Nederland, Colo., while the company's headquarters are in Grand Rapids, Mich.
办公家具生产商Steelcase Inc.的研究团队“未来办公空间”(WorkSpace Futures)的主管唐娜・弗林(Donna Flynn)按照自己的步调工作，而且也让她那些做行为研究的下属这样做。弗林说：“暂时抛开你苦苦寻找解决办法的那个问题、让你的潜意识在下面工作，这样做有很多的益处。”她的办公室位于她在科罗拉多州尼德兰(Nederland)占地20英亩的农场里，而公司总部设在密歇根州的大急流城(Grand Rapids)。

Ms. Flynn's team is based all over the world. Rather than scheduling video conferences and calls to stay in daily contact, the researchers work on long-term projects on their own time and meet in person only two weeks a year.
弗林的团队成员遍布世界各地，这些研究人员不是每天都通过视频会议和电话来沟通，而是根据各自的时间一起完成长期的项目，每年只有两周的时间会碰面开会。

Not keeping in constant contact, Ms. Flynn says, allows everyone to work more effectively. 'It's about having higher-quality work time, because you spend more time nourishing your well-being,' she says.
弗林说，没有了频繁的联络每个人就可以更高效地工作。她说：“这意味着更高质量的工作时间，因为你可以把更多的时间花在提高生活质量上。”

To be sure, not every personality is cut out for the kinds of behavioral adjustment that doing less on a daily basis can require. According to Dr. Murnighan, many executives feel the need to keep up appearances and find it tough to fight the natural inclination to stay busy.
当然，也并非每个人都适合此类为每日减量工作而必须进行的行为调整。莫尼根博士说，许多高管觉得凡事一定要事必躬亲，很难改变自己喜欢忙碌的天性。

'A lot of people are Type A,' he says. 'Our ancestors wouldn't have survived if they weren't proactive.'
他说：“许多人是A型行为者，我们的祖先要不是主动行动者的话也无法生存下来。”