名校光环不一定为你换来幸福人生

The strongest correlation for well-being emerged from questions delving into whether graduates felt 'emotionally supported' at school by a professor or mentor. Those who did were three times as likely to report they thrived as adults. Graduates who reported having 'experiential and deep learning' were twice as likely to be engaged at work as those who didn't.
与幸福生活关联最大的因素从探究毕业生在校时是否感觉“得到（老师或导师的）精神支持”的问题中显露了出来。调查发现获支持之人表述自己成人后获得成功的概率是未获支持之人的三倍。表示经历过“体验式与深层次学习”的毕业生投入工作的概率是无此经历之人的两倍。

University of Pennsylvania Professor Martin Seligman, who has studied the psychology of happiness, said it was impossible to know whether the college experiences Gallup asked about were the cause of later success or simply coincidental to it.
曾研究快乐心理学的宾夕法尼亚大学(University of Pennsylvania)教授马丁・塞利格曼(Martin Seligman)认为，我们不可能确认盖洛普提出的与大学经历有关的问题是否就是日后成功的原因或者仅仅是巧合。

'One hopeful possibility is that if college were changed to produce more emotional support, this would result in much more engagement later in life,' he wrote in an email. 'Another, less interesting possibility' is that people engaged at work who said they were emotionally supported in college are simply upbeat to begin with, and that rosy outlook colors their memories.
他在电子邮件中写道，一个很大的可能性是如果大学转而提供更多精神支持，可能会促成学生在日后的人生中更加投入。另一方面，一个不那么有趣的可能性是，在工作中投入的人声称自己在大学得到精神支持仅仅是因为他们原本就比较积极乐观，那种积极向上的人生观美化了他们的记忆。

Other, less fuzzy correlations were between debt and entrepreneurship. About 26% of graduates with no undergraduate debt started their own business, compared with just 20% of those carrying debt from $20,000 to $40,000. Nearly three-quarters of college graduates leave school with debt; among those who do, the average is nearly $30,000. Graduates with that amount of debt were one-third as likely to report they were 'thriving' as graduates without debt reported.
而债务与创业精神之间的关联则没那么模棱两可。本科无负债的毕业生中约有26%的人开创了自己的企业，而背负着2万至4万美元债务的毕业生只有20%的创业比例。美国约有四分之三的大学毕业生在毕业时身负债务；负债学生的平均债务额接近3万美元。相比无负债的毕业生，背负该数额债务的毕业生认为自己的人生“欣欣向荣”的几率只是前者的三分之一。

The survey's most dramatic takeaway -- that graduation from an elite college provides no discernible advantage over Podunk U -- echoes a refrain that began getting traction about a decade ago. Stacy Dale, an economist at Mathematica, a New Jersey research firm, co-wrote a paper in 2004 that found that students who were accepted to elite schools, but attended less selective schools, went on to earn just as much money as their elite counterparts.
该调查最引人注目的发现是毕业于精英大学相比普通大学毕业并不具备明显的优势。这与大概10年前开始引起关注的一个看法不谋而合。新泽西研究公司Mathematica经济学家斯泰茜・戴尔(Stacy Dale)在2004年与人合着了一篇论文，论文指出，被精英学校录取但最终就读相对普通学校的学生，他们在毕业后的收入与精英学校的毕业生旗鼓相当。

'Individual traits matter more than where you went,' Ms. Dale said. 'It's a lot more important what you learn later in life than where you got your undergraduate degree.'
戴尔指出：“个人特质比你上什么学校更重要。你在日后的生活中学到了什么比你在哪所学校获得本科学位重要得多。”