学子们 请包容毕业典礼演讲嘉宾

HARVEY MUDD COLLEGE
哈维玛德学院(Harvey Mudd College)

Beth Shapiro, evolutionary biologist
贝丝·夏皮罗(Beth Shapiro)，进化生物学家

“Your unique education has prepared you for careers at the cutting edge of innovation. This is both good news and bad news. It’s good news because you’re probably going to find a job, it will pay well, and it will be intellectually fulfilling. It’s bad news because whatever you thought you were training for when you started this exercise might not actually exist anymore. Five years ago, when you guys were deciding where to go to college, there were very few mobile-app developers or big-data architects, and there certainly weren’t any chief listening officers for social media outlets. It’s hard to imagine where the next five years will go, but it’s kind of fun to do so. Will there be a Borg-esque integration of biology and technology, or self-driving cars that get rid of traffic congestion? Who knows, but you guys are going to be among the people that are actually making it happen. And it’ll be awesome, as long as you’re willing to take some risks and step outside of your comfort zone. When an opportunity arises, take it.”
“你接受的独特教育已经为你迈向创新前沿做好了准备。这既是一个好消息，也是坏消息。说它是好消息是因为，你很可能会找到一份待遇优厚，能够让你获得智力满足感的工作。说它是坏消息是因为，你从一开始想好的，为之努力训练的东西或许已经不复存在。五年前，当你们正在斟酌应该上哪所大学的时候，还几乎没有移动应用程序开发商或大数据架构师这种工作，当然也没有专注于社交媒体的首席聆听官。很难想象未来五年将变成什么样子，但展望未来是一件很有趣的事情。生物学和技术是否将出现博格式整合？无人驾驶轿车是否会解决交通堵塞问题？谁知道呢，但你们将推动这一切变为现实。这将是一段非凡的旅程，只要你愿意承担一定风险，并走出你的舒适区。机会来临时，一定要抓住它。”

THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL
北卡罗莱纳大学教堂山分校(The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

Atul Gawande, doctor and writer
阿图尔·葛文德(Atul Gawande), 医生，作家

“Ultimately, it turns out we all have an intrinsic need to pursue purposes larger than ourselves, purposes worth making sacrifices for. People often say, ‘Find your passion.’ But there’s more to it than that. Not all passions are enough. Just existing for your desires feels empty and insufficient, because our desires are fleeting and insatiable. You need a loyalty. The only way life is not meaningless is to see yourself as part of something greater: a family, a community, a society. And that is the best part of what college has allowed you to do. College made it easy. It gave you an automatic place in the world where you could feel part of something greater. The supposedly ‘real world’ you are joining does not. ...
“说到底，我们都有一种内在的需要去追求比我们自身更重要的目的，值得为之牺牲的目的。人们常说，‘寻找你的激情。’但人生并非如此简单。光靠满腔激情是不够的。仅仅为欲望而存在会让你感到空虚，没有充实感，因为我们的欲望转瞬即逝，而且无法满足。你需要一种归属感。让人生不再缺乏意义的唯一方式，就是把你自己视为某个更大事物的组成部分，比如家庭、社区或社会。这是通过大学教育你能够做的最好的事情。大学让这样做变得容易。它让你自动在这个世界获得一个让你体验归属感的位置。你即将加入的所谓‘现实世界’做不到这一点。”

“One thing I came to realize after college was that the search for purpose is really a search for a place, not an idea. It is a search for a location in the world where you want to be part of making things better for others in your own small way. It could be a classroom where you teach, a business where you work, a neighborhood where you live. The key is, if you find yourself in a place where you stop caring — where your greatest concern becomes only you — get out of there.”
“我在大学毕业后逐渐意识到，追寻人生意义其实是在世界上追寻一个位置，而不是一种理念。在这个位置上，你可以为某个改善其他人境遇的事业贡献一份微薄之力。它或许是一间你从教的教室，一家你工作的企业，一个你居住的社区。最重要的是，如果你发现你停留在一个你不再关心的地方，一个你只关心自己的地方，那就赶紧离开吧。”

CORNELL UNIVERSITY
康奈尔大学(Cornell University)

Ed Helms, actor and comedian
埃德·赫尔姆斯(Ed Helms)，演员，笑星

“I’m a guy whose primary connection to this venerable institution is having portrayed a rather hard-to-like Cornell alum on the NBC television show ‘The Office.’ It’s interesting, Condoleezza Rice backed out of speaking at Rutgers this year because students protested over her controversial role in the Iraq war. Meanwhile, I directly embarrassed this school for eight years on national television, and no protests. When I got the invitation to speak, I was scared to open the email because I thought it might be a lawsuit. ...
“我跟这所备受推崇的学术机构的主要联系是，我曾经在NBC剧集《办公室》(The Office)中扮演一个很不招人喜欢的康奈尔大学毕业生。这很有趣，今年，康多莉扎·赖斯谢绝了罗格斯大学的演讲邀请，因为学生们抗议她在伊拉克战争中扮演的争议性角色。与此同时，我让这所学校在全国电视观众面前承受了长达八年的羞辱，没人抗议。当我接收演讲邀请函的时候，我战战兢兢地打开电子邮件，因为我想我可能惹上了官司。”

“Please, remember to be a fool. Sounds crazy — a fool is by definition a person who lacks good sense or judgment. But I’m here to tell you that good sense and judgment are highly overrated. Wisdom is too often just a fancy word for cynicism. And foolishness is a condescending word for joy, wonder and curiosity. George Bernard Shaw said, ‘A man learns to skate by staggering about and making a fool of himself. Indeed, he progresses in all things by resolutely making a fool of himself.’ I couldn’t agree more. Turns out, the world provides us with virtually infinite opportunities to be a fool.”
“请大家记住，要当一个傻瓜。听起来很疯狂——所谓傻瓜，是说一个人缺乏良好的判断力。但我想告诉你们，良好的判断力被过度高估了。智慧往往是冷嘲热讽这个词的一种华丽表达，而愚蠢则是喜悦，惊讶和好奇等词的一种谦卑说法。萧伯纳(George Bernard Shaw)说，‘一个人是通过摇摇晃晃，让自己出丑而学会滑冰的。事实上，在所有事情上，一个人都是通过坚定不移地让自己出洋相而获得进步的。’我完全同意。事实证明，这个世界给我们提供了几乎无穷无尽的当傻瓜的机会。”

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
哥伦比亚大学(Columbia University)

Dan Futterman, actor and writer
丹·法特曼(Dan Futterman)，演员、作家

“I am a lucky person. Of the roughly 100 million babies born worldwide in 1967, I was lucky enough to be born into the wealthiest country. Born to educated, healthy parents. To parents who had not only gone to two of the great colleges in the world, but who intended, or at least hoped, for their children to do the same. To parents who had books in their home. There’s a very good chance that many of you come from similar backgrounds. You drew a lucky card in life. That’s not to embarrass you or to diminish how hard you’ve worked or how much you’ve learned these past four years. That’s simply to state a fact. Many of us — most of us — come from an exclusive club. That doesn’t mean we’re more worthy. It means we’re more lucky. This exclusive club is only becoming more exclusive as incomes and opportunity at the top of our society expand, and incomes and opportunity at the bottom contract. For those of you who didn’t come from privileged backgrounds ... let me tell you how much I admire you. You have bested long odds to be here today, long odds which I never faced. But you, too, have now entered an exclusive club, graduates of one of the great universities of the world. And with that privilege, you have responsibility, all of you do. Do not shut the door behind you. Each of you has a responsibility to turn around, give someone else a hand up, up the stairs and through the door.”
“我是一个幸运儿。在1967年全世界诞生的大约1亿名婴儿中，我很幸运地出生在了最富有的国度，有一对受过良好教育、身体健康的父母。我的父母不仅自己上过两所世界上最好的大学，而且也打算（至少希望）他们的孩子也这样做。此外，我的家里还摆放着许多书籍。你们中的许多人很可能拥有类似的家庭背景。你们的人生抽到了一张幸运牌。这样说并不是想让你们难堪，也无意贬损你们在过去四年的不懈努力和学业成就。我只是想陈述一个事实。我们许多人，甚至可以说大多数人，都来自一个尊享俱乐部。这并不意味着我们更值得拥有这种出身。它意味着我们更幸运。随着收入和机会在社会顶层不断扩展，在社会底层不断收缩，这个尊享俱乐部只会变得更加排外。请允许我向那些家庭出身并不优越的同学表达我由衷的钦佩之情。你们已经抓住了从这里顺利毕业的渺茫机会，那是我从来没有面对过的困境。但是，此刻你们也已经进入一个尊享俱乐部，从这个世界上最伟大的一间大学毕业。与这种特权相伴的是责任，你们所有人都肩负着一种责任。不要把你背后的门关上。你们每个人都有责任转过身去，拉其他人一把，帮助他们走上楼梯，穿过那扇门。”

EMORY UNIVERSITY
埃默里大学(Emory University)

John Lewis, congressman and civil rights leader
约翰·刘易斯(John Lewis)，国会议员、民权领袖

“I saw those signs that said ‘white men,’ ‘colored men,’ ‘white women,’ ‘colored women,’ ‘white waiting,’ ‘colored waiting.’ I would come home and ask my mother, my father, my grandparents, my great-grandparents, ‘Why?’ They would say: ‘That’s the way it is. Don’t get in the way. Don’t get in trouble.’ ...
“我见过那些标牌，上面写着‘白人男性’，‘有色男性’，‘白人女性’，‘有色女性’，‘白人等候区’和‘有色人等候区’。回家后，我问我的母亲、父亲、祖父母和曾祖父母，‘为什么要这样区分？’他们总是说：‘事情就是这样。不要碍事。不要惹麻烦。’……

“In 1957, I met Rosa Parks at the age of 17. In 1958, at the age of 18, I met Martin Luther King Jr., and these two individuals inspired me to get in the way, to get in trouble. So I come here to say to you this morning, on this beautiful campus, with your great education, you must find a way to get in the way. You must find a way to get in trouble — good trouble, necessary trouble.”
“1957年，17岁的我遇到了罗莎·帕克斯(Rosa Parks)。18岁那年，我遇到了马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King Jr.)，这两个人鼓励我要敢于碍事，敢于惹麻烦。所以，我今天早上来到这里，是想对你们说，你们已经在这个美丽的校园接受了一流教育，你们肯定找到了一种碍事的方式，一种惹麻烦的方式——好的、有必要的麻烦。”

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
纽约大学(New York University)

Janet L. Yellen, Federal Reserve chairwoman
珍妮特·耶伦(Janet L. Yellen)，美联储主席

“There is an unfortunate myth that success is mainly determined by something called ‘ability.’ But research indicates that our best measures of these qualities are unreliable predictors of performance in academics or employment. Psychologist Angela Lee Duckworth says that what really matters is a quality she calls ‘grit’ — an abiding commitment to work hard toward long-range goals and to persevere through the setbacks that come along the way. One aspect of grit that I think is particularly important is the willingness to take a stand when circumstances demand it. Such circumstances may not be all that frequent, but in every life, there will be crucial moments when having the courage to stand up for what you believe will be immensely important.”
“有一个可悲的谬论，说成功主要是由一种被称为‘能力’的东西决定的。但研究表明，即使这些素质获得最精确的衡量，它们也无法可靠地预测一个人的学业或就业表现。心理学家安吉拉·李·达克沃斯(Angela Lee Duckworth)认为，真正重要的是一种她称之为‘刚毅’的品质——始终不渝地致力于一项长期目标，哪怕遇到再大的挫折也毫不气馁。我认为这种品质尤为重要的一个特征是，情势所迫时愿意表明立场。这种情势或许不会来得那么频繁，但每个人在日常生活中总会遇到一些至关重要的时刻，在这个时候，你务必要有勇气站出来，捍卫你自身的信念。”

BRYANT UNIVERSITY
布莱恩特大学(Bryant University)

Richard W. Fisher, president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas
理查德·W·费舍尔(Richard W. Fisher)，达拉斯联邦储备银行(Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas)主席兼首席执行官

“Our mother would say, ‘Never let your brains go to your head.’ The pun is horrific, but the message is profound: To achieve success, you will need to keep your superb education and your considerable talent in perspective. Brains and the gift of talent are necessary, but they are insufficient for success in life. Time and again, in business and universities and government, we see instances in which women and men of towering intellect get far at first, but ultimately snatch defeat from the jaws of victory. They do so because they have forgotten to develop their emotional quotient with the same devotion they applied to developing their intelligence quotient. My heartfelt advice to you is to work as hard on expanding your E.Q. as you have on harnessing your I.Q.”
“我们的母亲会说，‘永远不要让你的大脑冲昏你的头脑。’这句双关语听起来很可怕，但它传达了一个非常深刻的讯息：为了获得成功，你需要正确看待你获得的一流教育和你拥有的骄人天赋。智力和天赋是必要的，但仅凭它们还不足以确保人生的成功。在企业、大学和政府机构，我们一次又一次看到这样的例子：智力超群的男男女女起初踌躇满志，一往无前，但最终却与成功失之交臂。个中原因是，他们已经忘记了像开发智商那样专注地开发自己的情商。我衷心建议你们要像驾驭你们的智商那样，努力地扩展你的情商。”

CARTHAGE COLLEGE
迦太基学院(Carthage College)

Alexis Ohanian, co-founder of Reddit
亚历克西斯·奥海宁(Alexis Ohanian)，社交化新闻网站Reddit联合创始人

“It’s O.K. to not really know what you’re doing, and just trust your gut. Make the best judgment you can. There’s not going to be a syllabus assigned to you. It’s going to be using whatever knowledge you’ve gained, whatever resources you have, to just figure it out, to just hack it. I mean, most of the time, I still don’t know what I’m doing. ...
“如果你不知道自己正在做什么，那没有什么大不了的，只要相信自己的直觉，尽力做出最佳判断就好。上天不会给你分配一个进度表。你需要使用你掌握的知识，你拥有的资源，去搞清楚这个问题，去破解它。我的意思是，在大部分时间里，我仍然不知道我在做什么。”……

“You are going to figure it out, and failure is going to be part of the process. You’re all here because you’re good at not failing, right? This is the culmination of doing a great job at not failing. There are no G.P.A.s after this. There’s going to be lots of setbacks. There’s going to be lots of failures. No one introduces me as the founder of My Mobile Menu, also known as Mmm, because that was our first company. Before we started Reddit, Steve and I started that, and for a year and a half worked on something that went nowhere. But that’s O.K. Failure is an option.”
“你要弄清楚这个问题，而失败将成为这一进程的组成部分。你们今天能够坐在这里，是因为你们擅长在考试里不去失败，不是吗？这是你擅于不失败的人生之旅的顶峰。这场毕业典礼后，再无平均绩点(GPA)可供参照，只会有数不胜数的挫折，罄竹难书的失败。当大家介绍我时，没有人说我是‘我的手机菜单（My Mobile Menu，又称Mmm）’的创始人，因为那是我们创立的第一家公司。在创办Reddit前大约一年半的时间里，史蒂夫和我整天鼓捣一个最终无疾而终的创意。但那没关系。失败也是一个选项。”