禁烟10年 爱尔兰酒吧重获新生

Few in the pub trade doubt that the smoking ban has coaxed thousands of nonsmoking Irish music fans into pubs they had previously avoided. John Strawn, an author and a golf-course architect from Portland, Ore., who visited Ireland often in the early 2000s, said that he would longingly walk Dublin’s Temple Bar district warmed by the fiery fiddles of the inviting pubs. “I so badly wanted to be in there,” he said, “but I couldn’t stomach the smoke. Now when I’m in Dublin, I listen to more live Irish music than ever before.”
酒吧业几乎没人怀疑禁烟令吸引了成千上万不吸烟的爱尔兰音乐迷们来到他们之前不去的酒吧。来自俄勒冈州波特兰市的作家、高尔夫球场设计师约翰·斯特朗(John Strawn)在本世纪初经常访问爱尔兰。他说自己渴望在都柏林的圣殿酒吧区漫步，被那里诱人的酒吧里传来的热情的小提琴声温暖着。“我特别想进去，”他说，“但是我受不了烟味。如今我去都柏林时，会比过去听到更多现场演奏的爱尔兰音乐。”

While the tourism industry has been pleased, Ireland’s medical establishment has been ecstatic.
爱尔兰的旅游业感到欣慰，医疗机构更是欣喜若狂。

The TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, a Dublin-based health-advocacy group, released studies in 2013 showing a 26 percent post-ban reduction in heart disease throughout Ireland and a 32 percent decline in strokes, suggesting that over a decade the smoking ban may have saved more than 3,700 lives.
都柏林的健康宣传组织爱尔兰无烟研究所(TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland)2013年发布的研究表明，禁烟后爱尔兰的心脏病发病率降低了26%，中风发病率降低了32%，10年禁烟挽救了3700多条性命。

The Vintners’ Federation of Ireland famously deemed the law “unnecessary, unworkable and unjustified” and predicted dire problems with enforcement, few of which have occurred. Pubs throughout Ireland and the United Kingdom did experience a well-publicized decline in the last decade — about 1,300 Irish pubs shut down — but researchers say that it is largely because of supermarket liquor sales, stricter drunk-driving laws and the changing entertainment habits of patrons younger than 40, not the smoking ban. The tobacco industry’s prediction of financial ruin for bars, restaurants and hotels, with a potential loss of 65,000 jobs, never came to pass.
爱尔兰酒商联盟(Vintners’ Federation of Ireland)曾宣称这项法律“没有必要，不可行，没道理”而出名，并预测了执法会带来的严重问题，而这些问题几乎都没发生。在过去10年里，爱尔兰和英国的酒吧的确经历了被广泛宣传的衰落——爱尔兰约有1300个酒吧关门——但研究者说这主要是因为超市销售酒类、酒驾法律更严格、40岁以下的顾客们改变了娱乐方式，而不是因为禁烟。烟草业预测酒吧、餐馆和酒店会遭受经济损失，会失去6.5万个工作岗位——它的预测从未成为现实。

“The tobacco interests do their best to make people think no one will obey the law and it will be total chaos,” said Dr. Stanton A. Glantz, a University of California at San Francisco medical professor and prolific anti-tobacco researcher.
“烟草利益相关者竭力让人们相信没人会遵守这项法律，它会导致彻底的混乱，”加州大学旧金山分校的医学教授、写过好几本书的反烟草研究者斯坦顿·A·格兰斯博士(Dr. Stanton A. Glantz)说。

“Ireland just did everything right,” he said. “Because of Ireland almost all of Europe is smoke-free today. They all figured, if Ireland can do it, any country can.”
“爱尔兰把每件事都做对了，”他说。“因为爱尔兰，现在几乎整个欧洲都禁烟了。他们都意识到，如果爱尔兰能禁烟，其他国家也能。”

Indeed, an array of countries from around the world have followed suit: Norway and New Zealand in 2004, Italy and Britain by 2007, India in 2008, Greece (with Europe’s heaviest smokers) in 2010 and Brazil in 2011. In July, Russia will join the crowd. A handful of states in the United States preceded Ireland — California, in 1995, was the first — as well as various cities, like Pueblo, Colo., and El Paso, Tex. Ireland’s next health target? Passive smoking at home and in cars, especially where children are present.
的确，世界上很多国家纷纷开始效仿爱尔兰：挪威和新西兰（2004年），意大利和英国（2007年），印度（2008年），希腊（它是欧洲吸烟最严重的国家，2010年）和巴西（2011年）。今年7月，俄罗斯将加入这个行列。美国有几个州（加利福尼亚州[1995年]是第一个）和几个城市，比如科罗拉多州普韦布洛市、得克萨斯州厄尔巴索市，先于爱尔兰禁烟。爱尔兰的下一个健康目标是什么？避免在家里和车里被动吸烟，特别是有儿童在场时。

The Irish smoking ban not only transformed pubs, but also breathed new life into hotels.
爱尔兰的禁烟令不仅改变了酒吧，而且给酒店带来了新生命。

“The ban has been a spectacular success,” said Stephen McNally, the president of the Irish Hotels Federation, which represents some 900 hotels and guesthouses. “We used to come home at night, and your clothes would have this horrible stench. Now our restaurants, hallways and bedrooms smell fresh.”
“这项禁令取得了惊人的成功，”爱尔兰酒店联盟(Irish Hotels Federation)主席斯蒂芬·麦克纳利(Stephen McNally)说。该联盟代表约900家酒店和旅馆。“以前我们晚上回到家，衣服上有那种讨厌的臭味。现在我们的餐厅、走廊和客房都空气清新。”

But not all Irish hotels are entirely smoke-free. The law allows hotels to permit smoking in certain rooms or designated floors. Mr. McNally estimated that about half of Ireland’s hotels are “100 percent smoke-free” but that this number is growing out of concern for maids’ health.
但不是所有的爱尔兰酒店都完全禁烟。法律允许酒店有吸烟房或吸烟楼层。麦克纳利估计约有一半的爱尔兰酒店“100%禁烟”，不过，出于对客房服务员的健康考虑，这个比例还在增加中。

In far northwest Ireland, in rural County Mayo along the cold Atlantic, Terry McSweeney, who with his wife, Frances Kelly, owns Stella Maris Country House Hotel, said that their American guests heartily approve of the ban, but that he believes it may have hurt the rural food and pub trade.
在爱尔兰西北角、寒冷的大西洋沿岸的梅奥县，特里·麦克斯威尼(Terry McSweeney)和妻子弗朗西丝·凯利(Frances Kelly)开设了斯特拉·马里斯乡村家庭旅馆(Stella Maris Country House Hotel)。他说美国客人们衷心赞成这项禁令，但是他认为它可能已经损害了农村的食品和酒吧产业。

“As a result of the ban,” said Mr. McSweeney, a former Bostonian, “people started going to the take-aways to bring their hooch home, where they could watch soccer on the telly, and have their drink and smoke. As a result, tax revenue dwindled in rural Ireland, and some small villages started going down the tubes.”
“因为禁令，”曾经是波士顿人的麦克斯威尼说，“人们开始去外卖店把烈酒带回家，他们可以一边看足球比赛，一边喝酒、抽烟。结果，爱尔兰农村地区的税收减少了，有些小村庄开始衰败了。”

In bustling Ballina (population, 11,000), the former owner of the largest bar-restaurant in town said that one of the ban’s controversial elements — pubs being allowed to build separate smoking rooms with ventilation — actually increased his business and enlivened the town’s dating scene.
在热闹的巴利纳镇（人口1.1万人），该镇最大的酒吧—餐馆的前老板说，禁烟令的其中一项争议——酒吧可以建单独的带有通风设施的吸烟室——实际上有利于他的生意，活跃了该镇的约会景象。

“After we built the ‘smoking shed,’ ” said Paul Murphy, who owned Crockets on the Quay for a decade, the smokers “really bonded.”
保罗·墨菲(Paul Murphy)开设码头浮雕(Crockets on the Quay)餐吧已有十年。他说，“在我们建了‘吸烟室’之后”，吸烟者“真的密切联系在一起了”。

“Suddenly that unapproachable girl you had always seen from across the room was standing beside you in the smoking shed asking you for a light,” Mr. Murphy added, with a smile. “At least one marriage came out of that.”
“突然之间，你之前一直偷瞄的、房间另一端不可接近的那个女孩，现在就在吸烟室里站你的旁边，跟你借火，”墨菲面带微笑说，“这至少促成了一对夫妻。”