哪种口罩防雾霾,我们需要仔细甄别

The respirators block particles in a number of ways as the airflow encounters layered fibers. But respirators that guard against small particles can make it more challenging to breathe. That is especially true for people with heart or lung problems, said Tze-wai Wong, a research professor at the School of Public Health and Primary Care at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
随着气流经过层状纤维，呼吸防护罩会以多种方式阻挡颗粒物。不过，能阻挡细颗粒物的呼吸防护罩可能会让呼吸变得更困难。香港中文大学公共卫生及基层医疗学院(School of Public Health and Primary Care at the Chinese University of Hong Kong)的黄子惠(Tze-wai Wong)教授表示，对有心肺问题的人群尤其如此。

To improve breathability and increase filtering efficiency at the same time, Dr. Leung of Hong Kong Polytechnic University wants to create masks and respirators that use multiple layers of nanofibers. He received a United States patent last year, and "a number of companies have approached us," he said.
为了改善透气性，同时增强过滤效率，香港理工大学的梁博士想发明出使用多层纳米纤维的口罩和呼吸防护罩。去年，他在美国获得了一项专利。“已经有多家公司跟我们接洽了，”他说。

Another issue is that while N95 respirators guard against small particles, they do not combat another form of traffic-related pollution: gases like nitrogen oxides or volatile organic compounds.
另一个问题是，尽管N95防护罩能阻挡细颗粒物，它们却无法抵御另一种与交通有关的污染：像氮氧化物这样的气体或挥发性有机化合物。

Some companies have created cartridges that can connect to certain respirators to block some gases. But they are expensive and cumbersome — and, Dr. Leung said, not a good choice for the public in Asia.
一些企业已经研制出了能和特定的呼吸防护罩相连以阻挡部分气体的滤芯。但它们很贵，而且很笨重。梁博士说，对亚洲的民众而言，它们不是很好的选择。

Dr. Leung hopes to create a system that uses sunlight and oxygen to turn nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds into "harmless substances, like carbon dioxide or water." Eventually, he hopes to be able to join it to a regular, particle-filtering respirator.
梁博士希望能制造一个用阳光和氧气，将氮氧化物和挥发性有机污染物变成“像二氧化碳或水那样的无害物质”的系统。他希望最终能把这个系统加进过滤颗粒物的常规呼吸防护罩中。

More testing of existing brands of masks and respirators should be a priority, Dr. Saint Cyr said.
圣西睿智表示，首要的应该是对现有的口罩和呼吸防护罩品牌进行更多的检测。

Aided by his blog, Dr. Saint Cyr is trying to organize independent testing for 40 brands that are commonly available in China. But he recently put the project on hold, citing the need to gain academic and scientific backing for the project.
通过自己的博客，圣西睿智正试图组织对中国常见的40个品牌进行独立检验。但前不久，他搁置了这个项目，理由是必须让这个项目有学术依据和科学依据。

"I feel it's very important to warn people against masks that don't work, as well as to tell them which work well," Dr. Saint Cyr said, adding that research is also needed on household air-purifying machines.
“我觉得提醒人们有些口罩不起作用，并告诉他们哪些口罩效果好很重要，”圣西睿智说。他还表示，也需要对家用空气净化器进行研究。

Dr. Wong said that one low-tech method of combating air pollution might also be the most effective — encouraging people not to go jogging or engage in other strenuous activities during times of heavy smog. The goal, he said, is "really to try to change the behavior of people on high-pollution days.”
黄子惠表示，对付空气污染的一种科技含量很低的方法可能也是最有效的，那就是建议人们不要在烟雾浓重的时候跑步或进行其他剧烈运动。他说，目的“实际上是试着改变人们在高污染天气中的行为”。