日本应学德国 “重新取信于邻国”

If Japan wants to reconcile with China over wartime history, it should look to the example set by Germany, a senior Chinese scholar of Japan studies told China Daily.
中国的一位日本问题专家向《中国日报》表示，如果日本希望在二战问题上与中国和解，就该像德国学习。

Li Wei, director of the Institute of Japan Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, estimated that "it will be a long process" before the ultimate goal is reached, and people should understand the importance of this issue.
中国社会科学院日本研究所所长李薇认为，在此问题上，最终目标的达成还需要“一个很长的过程”，而这个问题的重要性应得到各方认同。

A report by an advisory panel of former senior officials and experts that was delivered to Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on Aug 6 noted that Japan has yet to realize "complete reconciliation with China and South Korea".
8月6日，一个由前政府官员与专家组成的顾问机构向日本首相安倍提交了一份报告。报告称，日本尚需与“中韩达成真正意义上的和解”。

"Recently, the Japanese government seems to have realized that the issue of reconciliation has become a major burden for its diplomacy, and it is seeking wordings and approaches that will resolve the issue once and for all," Li observed.
李薇说：“近日，日本政府似乎已经意识到和解问题已成为其外交工作的主要负担。日本不断地寻找合适的措辞和方法，希望可以一劳永逸地解决此问题。”

She recalled being asked by Japanese diplomats and media about "how many official apologies are enough for China's forgiveness".
李薇回忆到曾被日本外交官员和媒体诘问“日本要公开道歉多少次才能得到中方的原谅”。

That raises the question of a hypothetical bottom line or lwest threshold, "which suggests that Japan is seeking a marginal effect with the lowest cost in diplomacy. It is seeking resolutions at the technical level, rather than a complete transformation at the spiritual level. In this regard, there is an obvious gap between Germany and Japan," she said.
这就令人想到日本设定的底线是什么。李薇说：“日本似乎只愿意用最少的付出获取外交上的成功。日本在解决此问题的功夫只愿意花在技巧层面，而非诚心做出改变。如此看来，德日大不相同。”

Germany's efforts to face up to its Nazi past "have been relentless in the past decades", and Germany has therefore regained the respect of the victimized countries and become a backbone of the European Union and world affairs, Li said.
李薇说，在过去数十年中，德国在面对其纳粹历史问题上的态度一直十分鲜明，因此，德国重新获得了各受害国家的尊重并成为欧盟及国际事务中的重要力量。

Postwar German chancellors have consistently reflected and apologized on various occasions about the war, which ended 70 years ago. It is a process with no end and it shows the courage and wisdom of a political power," Li said.
她说，战后，许多德国总理在很多场合都对那场70年前结束了的战争进行了反思和道歉。这种过程本身就没有终结时刻。德国的做法体现了德国领导人的勇气与睿智。

Japan has not demonstrated such an ambition and self-awareness, Li said.
她说，日本尚未表现出这样的决心和自我认识。

Foreign Minister Wang Yi said in June that the Japanese leader must choose between two options: continuing to stay in the shadow of history or "achieving a real reconciliation with all countries, especially those invaded and hurt by Japan".
6月，外交部部长王毅说，日本领导人面临两个选择：仍然停留在历史阴影中，还是真正同各国特别是曾经被日本侵略和伤害过的国家实现和解。

Li also raised questions about Japan's ongoing legislative campaign to get radical security bills passed and change the country's defense policy.
李薇还谈到日本近日强行修改宪法以通过安保法案，以改变其防卫政策的做法。

She observed that Japan is making a shift in its security and defense policies along with the rise of right-wing voices, and "there is a growing tolerance over words and actions of right-wingers among the Japanese community".
她指出，日本在安保方面的政策伴随着右翼势力的崛起，“在日本，人们对右翼势力言行的忍耐程度越来越大。”

"Japan is once again taking its military forces into the realm of world affairs without achieving transformation of its national belief in regard to the recognition of history," she said.
她还说，“日本尚未正视历史或改变其历史观，却又一次将军事力量带入国际舞台。”

Dealing with that is "a realistic and important issue for the international community, especially East Asian countries such as China", Li said.
她说，“对于东亚各国而言，尤其是中国，如何处理这些问题将是中国外交工作中具有现实意义的重要任务。”