一文看懂英国“脱欧”公投

英国“脱欧”公投将于6月23日举行。“脱欧”公投，指就英国是否脱离欧盟进行的公投。

“脱欧”派认为欧盟拖了英国的后腿，称欧盟强加于企业过多的规定，作为欧盟成员国每年要上缴数十亿英镑的费用，但回报甚微。他们还希望英国能收回对边界的完全控制权，减少到英国工作生活的人，等等。

“留欧”派称，欧盟成员国身份对英国有很大的帮助，如向其他成员国出售商品更加便利，同时移民潮中大部分都是愿意工作的年轻人，有助于促进经济增长，分担公共服务费用等。

虽然英国首相卡梅伦本人反对脱欧，但对他来说，提前举行脱欧公投的决定，最终变成了一个自己无法掌控的进程。

最晚票区结果预计将在当地时间24日早上7点左右（北京时间24日下午2点）出炉。

IN NUMBERS： EU referendum
数读英国“脱欧”公投

18: Minimum age citizens must be to vote
18岁：英国公民参加投票的最低年龄限制

£6 million: Maximum amount groups can spend on official referendum campaigns
600万英镑：各种团体可用于正式投票活动的最高数额

1975: Last time Britain had a referendum on the EU (or the 'Common Market' as it was then called)
1975年：英国最近一次“脱欧”公投的时间，以决定是否继续留在欧洲经济共同体。

67%: Percentage of the 1975 electorate who chose to stay in
67%：1975年公投中，支持英国继续留在欧洲共同体的选民比例。

65%: Turnout in 1975 referendum
65%：1975年公投投票率。

£12.9 billion: Amount the UK paid to the EU in 2015 after rebate taken into account
129亿英镑：2015年英国向欧盟纳税共计129亿英镑（折扣后）。

7: Number of ministers who attend David Cameron's Cabinet meetings who want to leave the EU
7：英国首相卡梅伦内阁中支持脱欧的大臣人数。

150: Number of Conservative MPs expected to back Brexit
150：据估计支持脱欧的保守党议员人数。

2.7 million: Number of people born in another EU country who now live in the UK according to Migration Watch
270万：根据“移民观察”组织的数据，生于其他欧盟国家、现居英国的人数。

FAQ：What is the EU referendum?
“脱欧”公投问答：

What does "Brexit" stand for?

"Brexit"（“脱欧”）是什么意思？

The term is a commonly-used abbreviation for British exit from the EU.
"Brexit"是“英国退出欧盟”的简写。

How will it be decided?
如何决定？

The decision hangs on the result of a national referendum, currently being prepared by the government.
根据英国公投结果确定，目前英国政府正为此做准备。

When will the referendum be held?
公投时间？

The referendum will be held on Thursday.
全民公投将在6月23日举行。

What will the question be?
公投问题是什么？

The question will ask: 'Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union?'
问题是：“英国应该继续留在欧盟，还是退出欧盟？”

What is the expected result?
结果会怎样？

Most polls show the British public is roughly evenly divided about the country's future in the EU, with a slight bias towards staying
大多数民调显示，英国公众中，支持脱欧与支持留欧的比例基本持平，支持留在欧盟的比例略微多一点。

Remain or Leave?
观点大PK：

支持留欧：

REMAIN: David Cameron
英国首相卡梅伦

‘Economic security with the EU, or a leap into the dark’
“留在欧盟经济有保障，否则将迈入无尽深渊。”

‘I believe it (leaving the EU) would be needless and reckless – an act of economic and political self-harm’
“我认为脱欧完全没有必要，也很鲁莽。是对政治经济的自损。”

REMAIN: Barack Obama
美国总统奥巴马

‘The EU makes Britain even greater’
“欧盟使英国更强大。”

‘Together, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union have turned centuries of war in Europe into decades of peace, and worked as one to make this world a safer, better place’
“美国、英国、和欧盟其他国家一起，结束了欧洲几百年的战争，迎来了数十年的和平。携手一起，让世界更安全、更美好。”

REMAIN: William Hague
英国前外交大臣威廉-黑格

‘The Leave campaign is really the Donald Trump campaign with better hair’
“脱欧运动就好像是长了头发的特朗普在主持一样。”

‘This transatlantic mirror-image is completed by the uncannily identical expectations, at least on the part of political pundits and financial markets, of what the results will be’
“这位大西洋对岸的翻版人物有着完全相同的期待（支持脱欧），不可思议，至少在有关公投会导致的政治权威及金融市场影响方面。”

REMAIN: John McTernan
政治战略评论家约翰-麦克唐纳

‘Turkey deal reveals the EU’s future - Britain should be desperate to be a part of it’
“欧盟土耳其难民协议预示了欧盟的未来，英国应该非常愿意留在欧盟。”

‘A Britain in the EU is open for business – for free trade, free movement of capital, goods and services and free movement of labour. Outside we will have chosen to close ourselves’
“留在欧盟的英国对商业和自由贸易持开放态度，对资本以及商品和服务的自由流动、劳动力的自由流动都敞开了大门。如果脱欧，我们也就选择了封闭自己。”

支持脱欧：

LEAVE: Boris Johnson
前伦敦市长鲍里斯•约翰逊

‘There is only one way to get the change we want’
“我们永远不可能再有下一次机会。”

‘And it is important to remember: it isn’t we in this country who have changed. It is the European Union.’
“要记住，不是英国公民变了，而是欧盟变了，这非常重要。”

LEAVE: Col Richard Kemp
英国政府反恐顾问理查德•坎普上校

‘It is an EU army that could bring about war’
“欧盟军队可能引起战争。”

‘A vote to Remain would embolden Brussels in the goal of ever-closer union. This will include a European army.... And an EU army would undermine deterrence and cripple Nato, weakening European defences’
“如果投票留欧，欧盟就会成为更紧密的联盟。有可能会成立欧洲军队……而一支欧盟军队会破坏威慑力，削弱北约，使欧洲防御变弱。”

LEAVE: Allister Heath
评论员亚历斯特•西斯

‘EU red tape is suffocating UK economy and Brexit can set us free’
“欧盟的繁文缛节损害了英国经济，脱欧能让我们重获自由。”

‘As it becomes ever clearer that we won’t be able to reform our economy if we stay in the EU, let us hope that more senior business leaders add their names to such (pro-Brexit) lists’
“现在越来越清楚了，我们留在欧盟就没法进行经济改革，我们希望更多经济大腕支持脱欧。”

LEAVE: Michael Howard
前英国保守党领袖迈克尔•霍华德

‘David Cameron’s reform bid has failed – it’s time to go’
“卡梅伦的改革努力失败了，是时候脱欧了。”

‘The EU’s fundamental flaw is its misconceived attempt to impose rigid uniformity on countries as different as Finland and Greece, Portugal and Germany’
“欧盟试图把严格的一致性强加于各个成员国，纯属构想不当的尝试，也是其根本缺点。芬兰、希腊、葡萄牙、德国等等这些国家是完全不同的。”

明星发公开信支持“留欧”

David Beckham
球星大卫-贝克汉姆

"We live in a vibrant and connected world where together as a people we are strong. For our children and their children we should be facing the problems of the world together and not alone," Beckham said in a statement.
小贝在公开信中说：“我们生活在充满活力且联系紧密的世界里。作为人类整体而言我们很强大。为了我们的下一代，我们应该一起面对世界上的难题，而不是孤军奋战。”

"For these reasons I am voting to Remain."
“因此我支持留欧。”

'Harry Potter' author Rowling
《哈利波特》作者J.K.罗琳

"How can a retreat into selfish and insecure individualism be the right response when Europe faces genuine threats, when the bonds that tie us are so powerful, when we have come so far together?" she wrote.
她写道：“欧洲正面临着真正的威胁，连接我们的纽带如此强大，而且我们一起经历了这么多。这时退回到自私且不安全的个人主义状态怎么会是正确的呢？”

Benedict Cumberbatch
英国著名演员“卷福”

"Britain is not just stronger in Europe, it is more imaginative and more creative," the letter also says. "Our global creative success would be severely weakened by walking away."
“留在欧盟的英国不仅更强大，也更有想象力和创造力。如果脱欧，我们全球创意的成功将大打折扣。”——来自“卷福”及众明星签名发表的公开信

Stephen Hawking
科学家史蒂芬-霍金

"First, increased funding has raised greatly the level of European science as a whole and of the UK in particular because we have a competitive edge. Second, we now recruit many of our best researchers from continental Europe, including younger ones who have obtained EU grants and have chosen to move with them here."

“其一，英国具有强大的竞争优势，增加科研资金能够极大地提高欧洲整体的科学水平，尤其是英国的科学水平。其二，英国目前招募的众多顶级研究人员都来自欧洲大陆，包括一些已经获得了欧盟资助的年轻科学家们。”