家长必读：确保孩子安全的七大秘籍

Keeping your children safe and away from danger is every parent's number one priority.
保证自己孩子的安全、远离危险是每个家长首要考虑的事情。

From what to do if they think they're being followed to the best course of action if they're feeling unsafe and there are no police officers around, a website has these difficult conversations with your children covered.
如果孩子认为他们被跟踪了，他们该怎么做？如果孩子们感觉不安全而周围又没有警察，他们又该做什么？一家网站的文章告诉家长该怎么与孩子进行这些有难度的对话。

Anxious Toddlers - a forum dedicated to giving parents support, advice and guidance - has created a list of seven tips to help keep your child safe when you're not around.
Anxious Toddlers是一个为家长提供支持、建议和指导的论坛。它列了一张包括七条建议的清单，内容是当家长不在身边时该如何确保孩子的安全。

Fortunately, these situations are very rare, but it is always better for you and your child to be clued up just in case.
幸运的是，这些情况并不多见。但是您和您的孩子清楚地知道这些以防万一总是好的。

In one half-hour conversation with your sons and daughters, you can instill into them some basic facts on what to do if they feel unsafe.
在和您的儿女半小时的谈话中，你可以告诉他们如果他们感到危险，他们应该怎么做。

1. GET RID OF PERSONALISED ITEMS
1.不要有带个人名字的物品

The first piece of advice tells parents to throw out their children's personalised rucksacks, lunch boxes and other items that visibly show off their child's name to people they don't know.
第一条建议：将把孩子名字标在显眼处的背包、午餐盒和其他物品扔掉，这些带名字的物品会让陌生人知道他们的名字。

This is because when strangers know your child's name they come across as friendly and familiar - and subsequently your child is much more likely to trust them.
这是因为当陌生人知道孩子的名字时，孩子会感觉他们友好和熟悉。随后孩子会更容易相信这些陌生人。

The author of the article Natasha Daniels says: 'Every morning as I drive my kids to school, I see these two very young girls walking to school on their own. From down the street I can make out both of their glittery names on their backpacks.'
文章的作者娜塔莎•丹尼尔斯说：“每天早上我开车送孩子去上学，我看到有两个小姑娘自己走路去上学。从街边我就能辨认出她们背包上闪闪发光的名字。”

2. COME UP WITH A CODE WORD
2.想一个共同的暗号

Code words are important to help protect your child from harmful situations.
在很多情况下暗号对保护孩子远离危险是非常重要的。

Having a code word is useful for a variety of situations. With your children, make up a family code word that is neither too common nor so bizarre that it would be hard to use naturally.
有个暗号在很多情况下都很有用。和你的孩子一起想一个家庭暗号，不要太普通也不要太奇怪，不然想要自然地使用这个暗号会很困难。

Children can then use the code word in different situations.
孩子们可以在不同情况下使用暗号。

For example, if you've sent someone to pick up your child - they should be aware of what the code word is so they'll know not to leave with anyone else.
比如，如果你让别人帮忙接孩子，他们需要知道暗号是什么，这样孩子就不会和其他人一起离开。

Alternatively, if a child is at a friend's house and somebody or something is making them feel unsafe, they can call you and say the code word to you over the phone so you'll know to get them out of the situation.
另外，如果孩子在朋友家，如果有人或有东西让他们感到危险，他们可以打电话给你并且说出暗号，这样你就知道有危险，然后把他们救出危境。

3. SAY NO TO 'BODY SECRETS'
3. 对“身体秘密”说不

When a child is sexually abused, they can often be told not to tell their parents about what has happened to them, and to keep it a secret between them and the abuser.
当孩子受到性侵，他们经常会被施虐者叮嘱不要告诉父母发生了什么事情，就让它成为孩子和施虐者之间的秘密。

Teaching your children to never keep 'body secrets' is important and they should know to tell you immediately if somebody has touched a part of their body and asked them to hide it from you.
但是很重要的一点是要教你的孩子明白永远不要有“身体的秘密”。如果有人接触了他们身体的一部分并且让孩子对你保密，孩子应该马上告诉你发生了什么。

4. HOW TO ESCAPE BEING FOLLOWED
4.如何逃脱跟踪

The obvious conversation that you should have with your child is to teach them about stranger danger.
很明显你需要告诉孩子陌生人很危险。

More specifically, you should also teach them about the ways in which strangers can look. They don't always have a rough appearance and can appear to be perfectly normal.
更确切地说，你应该教他们怎么辨别陌生人。他们并不都长的很凶恶，有些人长得十分普通。

It is also highly important to point out that no matter what a stranger says, you should never leave with them or get into their car. The code word can also be helpful in this situation.
还有很重要的一点是无论陌生人说什么，孩子都不能和他们离开或到他们的车里去。在这种情况下暗号也是很有用的。

Additionally, tell your child that if they are being followed or chased by somebody, to start running in the opposite direction to the car. This will buy them a few crucial moments as the car turns around.
此外，告诉你的孩子如果他们被跟踪或被人追赶，朝着与车子方向相反的方向跑。车子需要转弯，这可以为他们争取一下时间。

5. FIND A MOTHER WITH KIDS IF IN DANGER AND ALONE
5.如果独自一人有危险，找一个带着孩子的妈妈

If your child is feeling lost or unsafe, there is no guarantee that there will be a friendly shop owner or police officer around to help.
如果你们孩子觉得自己迷路了或者有危险，附近不一定总会有友善的店主或者是警察帮忙。

That's why you should tell your children to find a mother with her children if they can.
因此你需要告诉你的孩子：如果可以的话，找一个带着孩子的妈妈。

This is not to say that people with children are automatically safe, but this option might just help in a stressful situation.
这并不意味着带着孩子的人一定安全，但是这个选择在比较危险的情形下或许会有所帮助。

6. WARN OTHERS IF YOU ARE IN DANGER
6.如果处于危险之中，警告他人

This tip is particularly useful as we often pass children having tantrums in adult's arms. In fact, we've seen it so many times, a lot of us have become immune to it.
这个小贴士尤其有用，因为我们经常看到一些在大人怀里发脾气的小孩。实际上，我们已经看过太多次这样的场景以至于有些人会对其免疫。

However, teaching your child to scream out words that would alarm others can be very useful if they ever end up in a dangerous situation.
然而，如果你的孩子处于危险之中，教他们大声喊出来一些可以警告他人的话会十分有用。

Phrases such as 'Who are you?', 'Help!', 'Leave me alone, I don't know you!' and 'Where's my mum and dad?' will all arouse suspicion and alert others to the danger.
像“你是谁？”、“救命！”、“走开，我不认识你！”和“我爸妈在哪儿？”这些话都能引起他人的怀疑，并且警戒他人自己有危险。

7. FIGHTING BACK MIGHT BE NECESSARY
7.抵抗是必要的

Lastly, you need to teach your children to be destructive in order to draw attention.
最后，你需要教你的孩子为了吸引他人注意而破坏一些东西。

If a stranger tries to take them, tell them that all manners are out of the window - and they are allowed to hit, scream and make a scene in order to attract attention.
如果一个陌生人试图带走他们，告诉他们这时候所有的礼仪都不需要了，他们可以打别人、尖叫、当众大吵大闹来吸引注意。

Natasha Daniels at Anxious Toddlers admits the 'chances are small' of your child being in such a perilous situation, but insists it's important to make sure they are alert.
Anxious Toddlers的娜塔莎-丹尼尔斯承认你的孩子置于此种危险的情况“几率很小”，但是她坚称确保孩子们能保持机警是很重要的。

She writes: 'What I can teach my kids in 30 minutes might make the difference between life and death. And for that – it’s worth it.'
她写道：“在30分钟内我教给我孩子的东西可能会改变生死。因此，这很值得。”

A spokesman for child protection charity NSPCC said: ‘Going out without a parent is a natural step for children to take when the time is right, so it’s crucial they feel prepared and confident.
英国全国防止虐待儿童学会(NSPCC)的发言人称：“时机成熟时，没有家长陪同出门对于孩子来说是一个自然的步骤。所以他们感觉准备好了并且有自信是很重要的。”

'Whilst it’s true that most child abuse is committed by someone they know and although abuse by strangers is very rare, the risk is still there.
“尽管大多儿童虐待是孩子的亲近之人作为，而陌生人的虐待十分少见，但危险还是存在的。”

'When giving advice parents should not unnecessarily frighten a child. They should put the potential dangers in perspective otherwise it could inadvertently cause a child to feel anxious.
“在给孩子建议的时候，家长不要去吓孩子。他们应该如实地描述潜在的危险，不然会在无意中让孩子感到焦虑。”

'It can be a little bit daunting to let them take their first steps outside and alone, which is why we’ve developed a checklist to help parents prepare their children.' “让孩子们踏出独自外出的第一步会有点艰难，这就是为什么我们列出了一张清单来帮助家长指导孩子。”

HOW TO MAKE SURE YOUR CHILD IS SAFE - NSPCC CHECKLIST
如何确认你的孩子是安全的—NSPCC清单

• Address the risks by talking to your child early on about staying safe. Ask them what they would do if they were approached by a stranger.
•早些和孩子谈到独处时的安全问题，列出可能的危险。问孩子如果一个陌生人接近他们，他们会怎么做。

• As soon as your child is able to understand, teach them their full name, address and two family phone numbers.
•当孩子开始有理解能力后，教他们全名，家庭地址以及两个家庭电话号码。

• Teach your child never to go off with anyone, not even someone they know, unless they’re able to contact you to check it’s OK.
•教你的孩子永远不要私自和别人一起离开，即使那个人是他们认识的人。只有在他们联系你，确认之后才可以。

• Set boundaries by being clear about any places you don’t want your child to go. Be willing to explain your decision so that your child understands your concerns.
•清楚地告诉他们你不想让他们去的地方并且乐于解释为什么你不想让他们去这些地方，这样他们才能理解你的担忧。

• If they feel uncomfortable or scared at any point tell them that they can ring you at any time. If they can’t get reach you, advise them to approach someone in authority – whether that be a policeman, a shop assistant, a traffic warden, or someone similar, and explain that they are lost.
•无论何时，如果他们感到不舒服或者害怕，告诉他们随时打电话给你。如果他们联系不上你，建议他们寻求权威人士的帮助—无论是警察、店员、交通管理员或者是类似的人，然后解释说自己迷路了。

• Do a trial run to help build their confidence. Let your child take the lead when you’re out together and only correct them if they do something that puts them at risk.'
•通过场景模拟来建立信心。当你们一起出去的时候，让你的孩子做主导，只需要在他们做了一些会将他们置于险境的事情时纠正一下。