新研究：吃太多精制碳水化合物和红肉更易患2型糖尿病

虽然精制碳水化合物让我们快乐，红肉可以让身体变强壮，然而新研究发现，这两种食物摄入太多都易导致2型糖尿病。

Gobbling up too many refined wheat and rice products, along with eating too few whole grains, is fueling the growth of new cases of type 2 diabetes worldwide, according to a new study.

新研究发现，精制碳水化合物吃得太多，全谷物吃得太少，导致全球更多人患上2型糖尿病。

"Our study suggests poor carbohydrate quality is a leading driver of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes globally,” says senior author Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian, a professor of nutrition at Tufts University and professor of medicine at Tufts School of Medicine, in a statement.

该研究的资深作者、美国塔夫茨大学营养学教授、塔夫茨医学院医学教授戴瑞奇·穆扎法里恩博士在一份声明中称：“我们的研究表明，低质的碳水化合物成为引发全球2型糖尿病的主要膳食因素。”

Another key factor: People are eating far too much red and processed meats, such as bacon, sausage, salami and the like, the study said. Those three factors — eating too few whole grains and too many processed grains and meats — were the primary drivers of over 14 million new cases of type 2 diabetes in 2018, according to the study, which was published Monday in the journal Nature Medicine.

研究显示，摄入太多红肉和加工肉制品，比如培根、香肠、意大利蒜味腊肠，是导致2型糖尿病的另一个关键因素。本周一（4月17日）发表在《自然·医学》杂志上的这项研究指出，全谷物吃得太少、精制碳水化合物和加工肉制品吃得太多是引发2018年全球超1400万2型糖尿病新病例的首要原因。

In fact, the study estimated 7 out of 10 cases of type 2 diabetes worldwide in 2018 were linked to poor food choices.

事实上，据研究估计，2018年全球70%的2型糖尿病病例与饮食不良有关。

Mozaffarian and his team developed a research model of dietary intake and applied it to 184 countries. Compared with 1990, there were 8.6 million more cases of type 2 diabetes due to poor diet in 2018, the study found.

穆扎法里恩和他的团队研发出一个膳食摄入调查模型并将其应用到184个国家中。研究发现，与1990年相比，2018年新增的860万2型糖尿病病例是由饮食不良引发的。

Researchers found eating too many unhealthy foods was more of a driver of type 2 diabetes on a global level than a lack of eating wholesome foods, especially for men compared with women, younger compared to older adults, and in urban versus rural residents.

研究人员发现，从全球范围来看，相比健康食品摄入不足，不健康食品摄入太多更易导致2型糖尿病，这一比例男性大于女性，年轻人大于中老年人，城市居民大于乡村居民。

Over 60% of the total global diet-attributable cases of the disease were due to excess intake of just six harmful dietary habits: eating too much refined rice, wheat and potatoes; too many processed and uNPRocessed red meats; and drinking too many sugar-sweetened beverages and fruit juice.

全球超60%由饮食习惯导致的2型糖尿病病例主要是由于6种有害饮食摄入太多：太多精制的大米、小麦和土豆产品，太多加工和未加工的红肉，太多含糖饮料和果汁。

Inadequate intake of five protective dietary factors — fruits, nonstarchy vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole grains and yogurt — was responsible for just over 39% of the new cases.

只有刚过39%的新病例是由于水果、非淀粉类蔬菜、坚果、种子、全谷物和酸奶这五种保护性食物摄入不足。

People in Poland and Russia, where diets tend to focus on potatoes and red and processed meat, and other countries in Eastern and Central Europe as well as Central Asia, had the highest percentage of new type 2 diabetes cases linked to diet.

饮食以土豆、红肉和加工肉制品为主的国家，比如波兰、俄罗斯以及东欧、中欧和中亚的其他国家，新增的与饮食有关的2型糖尿病病例最多。

Colombia, Mexico and other countries in Latin America and the Caribbean also had high numbers of new cases, which researchers said could be due to a reliance on sugary drinks and processed meat, as well as a low intake of whole grains.

哥伦比亚、墨西哥和拉丁美洲、加勒比海的其他国家，2型糖尿病新增病例也很多，研究人员指出，这可能是因为这些地区的民众摄入太多含糖饮料和加工肉制品，而且全谷物吃得太少。