全球海水温度持续升高 2023或成史上最热年

美国国家海洋和大气管理局最新发布的报告显示，全球海水温度持续上升，多地水温均超过了平均水平。如果海水和大气的表面温度继续升高，2023年可能会成为有史以来最热的年份。

Scientists have gathered further evidence that ocean waters are continuing to warm along with the rest of the planet.

科学家收集到了更多证据证明，和地球其他地方一样，海水也在继续升温。

Ocean temperatures reached record-breaking highs for the month of May, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced during its monthly climate call on Thursday.

美国国家海洋和大气管理局6月15日发布的全球气候月度报告称，5月份海洋温度创下了历史新高。

Four main factors are contributing to such historic warming of global sea surface temperatures: human-induced climate change, a developing El Nino event, effects from the 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano eruption and a new shipping emissions policy aimed at reducing air pollution, said Daniel Swain, a climate scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles.

洛杉矶加州大学的气候学家丹尼尔·斯温指出，全球海洋表面温度的破纪录高温是由四个主要因素导致的：人为引起的气候变化、发展中的厄尔尼诺事件、2022年洪加汤加-洪加哈派火山喷发和旨在减少空气污染的船舶排放新政策的影响。

Some regions are experiencing temperatures up to 7 degrees higher than average for this time of year. In Cabo Verde Island, where hurricanes typically form, the water is typically 75 degrees Fahrenheit but is currently measuring at 82.4 degrees.

一些地区的海水温度比同期平均水平高出了7华氏度。在经常遭遇飓风的佛得角岛屿，海水温度通常是75华氏度（24摄氏度），但现在测得的温度是82.4华氏度（28摄氏度）。

Combined, land and ocean temperatures in May were the third warmest on record, with surface temperatures increasing about 0.97 degrees Celsius, or 1.75 degrees Fahrenheit, above the 20th century average, Rocky Bilotta, climatologist for the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, told reporters.

美国国家海洋和大气管理局国家环境信息中心的气候学家洛基·毕洛塔告诉记者，今年5月陆地和海洋的平均温度之高位居史上第三名，表面温度比20世纪的平均水平高出约0.97摄氏度。

Temperatures were above average throughout most of North America, South America and Africa. Parts of Western Europe, Northwestern Russia, Southeast Asia and the Arctic also experienced warmer than average temperatures this month, Bilotta said.

毕洛塔介绍，北美、南美和非洲的大部分地区的温度都超过了平均值。西欧、俄罗斯西北部、东南亚和北极的部分地区5月也经历了比平均水平更高的温度。

The warmest global record for the time period between March and May was also reached, according to NOAA.

美国国家海洋和大气管理局指出，3月至5月期间的温度也达到了史上最高水平。

2023 is very likely to rank among the 10 warmest years on record, according to the National Centers for Environmental Information statistical analysis that was released in April. Should warmer ocean and air surface temperatures continue, 2023 could become the warmest year on record.

环境信息中心4月发布的统计分析报告也显示，2023年很可能会成为史上十大最热年之一。如果海水和大气的表面温度继续升高，2023年可能会成为有史以来最热的年份。

Scientists anticipate that the current high temperatures could increase in the coming weeks and set record-shattering numbers, which could spell disaster for coastal communities all over the world.

科学家预期，未来数周海洋的这种高温天数会增多并可能打破纪录，这可能会给世界各地的沿海社区带来灾难。

Warmer ocean waters can contribute to more powerful tropical storms and impact marine life. In addition, a warmer atmosphere holds more moisture and can increase potential flooding events. Melting sea ice in the Arctic is also causing sea levels to rise, which is eroding coastlines.

海水温度升高会引发更猛烈的热带风暴并影响海洋生物。此外，湿热的空气含有更多水分，这会增大发生洪水的风险。北极融化的海冰也会导致海平面升高，从而侵蚀海岸线。

Earlier this week, thousands of fish washed up at the Quintana Beach County Park on Texas' Gulf Coast, likely due to warming waters, according to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Kills and Spills team.

本周早些时候，在美国得克萨斯州墨西哥湾沿岸的金塔纳海滩县公园，数千条死鱼被冲上海滩。得州公园和野生动物厅捕杀和泄露小组表示，这可能是由水温升高导致的。

"Fish kills like this are common in the summer when temperatures increase," the department said in a statement. "If there isn't enough oxygen in the water, fish can't 'breathe'."

得州公园和野生动物厅在声明中称：“夏天温度升高时这种鱼群死亡事件很常见。如果水中没有足够氧气，鱼就不能‘呼吸’。”