BBC news 2009-07-18 加文本

1.Police fired tear gas to disperse the crowds who chanted the name of Mir Hossein Mousavi, the candidate officials say came second.

参考翻译：集会人群高呼处于第二位的候选人穆萨维的名字，警方发射催泪弹来驱散人群。

结构分析：这句话的前半部分是主干。who chanted the name of Mir Hossein Mousavi是定语从句，修饰crowds。the candidate officials say came second是同位语，指代的是Mir Hossein Mousavi。

2.The accused, who’re all linked to the Lo Piccolo crime family were prosecuted for running protection rackets involving shops and businesses on the island of Sicily.

参考翻译：被控者均与黑手党犯罪团伙有关，被控诉在西西里岛向商铺和企业收取保护费。

结构分析：The accused是这句话的主语。这也是一种经常用到的表达方法，the+形容词表示名词。比如：The old,老人，the young，年轻人。
这句话的主干是The accused were prosecuted。who’re all linked to the Lo Piccolo crime family是定语从句，修饰The accused。
for running protection rackets是原因状语。

3.Before docking the Endeavour performed a back flip so that scientists at the space station could photograph its entire surface.

参考翻译：在此之前，奋进号进行了环游，以便空间站的科学家能够拍下整体外貌。

语法学习：so that引导目的状语从句。

So that的意思是“为了”、“俾使”、“以致”，它引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句。例：

They opened a technical training course so that the managers and clerks could attend it during their spare time．

他们开了一个技术训练班，使经理和职员们在业余的时间可以去上课。

Please switch the light on so that we can see what it is．

请开灯，让我们看一下它是什么东西。

During the earthquake their house fell with a crash，so that they had to find a new abode．

地震时，他们的房子哗啦一声倒塌了，所以他们必须要找一个新的住处。

So… that…的意思是“如此地…以致于…”，它引导结果状语从句。在口语中，so…that…的that常被省去。例：

She felt so sad that tears came to her eyes．

她非常悲伤，泪水盈眶。

John was so drunk（that）he could not stand still．

约翰醉得站也站不住了。

He spoke so rapidly（that）we could hardly follow him．

他说得很快，我们很难听清楚他在说什么。

应当在此指出，有许多英语语法书都提到，so that 在引导结果状语从句时，是用陈述语气，在引导目的状语从句时，要用虚拟语气。例如：

She locked her child in the house when she went out so that it might not be able to go outside and get hurt；but a fire broke out and the door was locked so that the child burnt alive．

第一个so that引导的是目的状语从句，第二个so that引导的是结果状语从句。事实上，在现代英语中，有不少人在so that引导的目的状语从句中，是用陈述语气代替虚拟语气的（如本节中的第二个例句中。“wecan see”代替“we could see”）。