BBC news 2010-04-15 加文本

1.Israel has accused Syria of supplying Scuds to Hezbollah, but it's not clear whether any have actually been handed over.

参考翻译：以色列已经指控叙利亚向真主党提供飞毛腿导弹，但是现在还不清楚双方是否已经交接。

语法学习：it做形式主语，真正的主语是后面whether引导的从句。

当动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或者从句作句子的主语时,通常用it来作形式主语代替它们,而将真正的主语放在后面,以保持句子结构的平衡｡例如:
　　It is difficult to complete the mission on my own. 独立完成这项使命是很难的｡(真正的主语是to complete the mission on my own)
　　It surprised me a bit that she didn’t make a response to my letter. 她没给我回信令我有点儿惊讶｡(真正的主语是that引导的从句)
　　It is no use arguing with him about it. 跟他辩论此事是没有用处的｡(真正的主语是arguing with him about it)
　　在上述诸例中,可以不用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语置于句首｡例如:
　　To complete the mission on my own is difficult.
　　That she didn’t make a response to my letter surprised me a bit.
　　Arguing with him about it is no use.
　　it用作形式主语时应注意的几个问题
　　1)it代替动词不定式(短语)作形式主语时,不仅可以代替动词不定式(短语)的一般结构,也可以代替动词不定式(短语)的复合结构“for sb to do sth”｡例如:
　　It is necessary for you to be fully aware of your own shortcomings. 充分认识自己的缺点是很必要的｡
　　It is essential for the papers to be ready before Sunday. 文件务必于周日前准备好｡
　　动词不定式的复合结构还可以是“of sb to do sth”｡这类结构常出现于系表结构中,作表语的补足成分｡作表语的形容词表示人物的性格特征｡这样的形容词常见的有: nice, kind, good, careful, careless, polite, impolite, brave, foolish, silly, stupid, wise, clever, rude, cruel, wrong, right等｡例如:
　　It was brave of him to risk his life to save the drowning child. 他冒着生命的危险去救溺水儿童真是太勇敢了｡
　　It was foolish of you to behave like that. 你那种表现真是太蠢了｡
　　注意:以上两句可转换为下面的句式:
　　He was brave enough to risk his life to save the drowning child.
　　You were foolish to behave like that.
　　2)it代替动名词(短语)作形式主语常见于“It’s no use/no good/not much good/useless/worth/nice doing sth ...”句式｡例如:
　　It’s not much good conducting such a survey. 进行这样一次调查是没有什么用的｡
　　Is it worth trying a second time? 再试一次值得吗?
　　3)在“It is important/necessary/strange/natural/desirable/advisable ... that ...”句式中, it代替从句作主语时, that引导的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即谓语动词应用“should + 动词原形(或should have done)”或只用动词原形｡例如:
　　It’s important that we should show consideration for others if we are to live in harmony with them in social life. 在社会生活中,如果我们要与别人和谐共处,关心别人是很重要的｡
　　在下列句式中, that从句也要用虚拟语气: “It isdesired/suggested/settled/requested/required/demanded/ordered/proposed/recommended ... that ...”｡例如:
　　Is it settled that he (should) resign office? 他辞职已成定局了吗?

2.Women with damaged mitochondria, minute structures that power human cells, are more likely to produce disabled children than their healthy counterparts.

参考翻译：线粒体(为人类细胞提供动力的微小结构)损坏的女性比健康的母体生育出残疾婴儿的可能性更大。

结构分析：minute structures that power human cells是mitochondria的同位语，对这个专有名词进行解释说明。

3.The presidential adviser Ghazi Salahuddin said opposition parties would be offered roles in the government to be formed after the elections.

参考翻译：总统顾问Ghazi Salahuddin表示，在选举过后成立的政府中，将为反对派提供一些职位。

语法学习：to be formed是动词不定式做后置定语，修饰government。例如：

1) I have tons of letters to answer. 我有很多信要回。 
　　2)She needed someone to take care of her baby. 她需要人照看她的婴儿。 
　　3) They were the first to bear hardships, the last to enjoy comforts. 他们吃苦在前，享受在后。 
　　4) He is a nice man to work with. 他是个好相处的人。 
　　5) There are a lot of things for us to be done. 有许多事情要做。