正文
BBC news 2010-11-28 加文本
这句话中it是形式主语，真正的主语是tha引导的从句。几个after是并列的成分。by cutting the national minimum wage详细说明政府解决问题的方式。
Isn't是反义疑问句，增强语气。以下是反义疑问句的几种情况：
1．当陈述部分的主语是I，而句子又用来征询对方的意见时，附加疑问句中的主语用you。如：
I find English very interesting, don’t you?
I don’t like that film, do you?
2．当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等合成代词时，附加疑问句中的主语通常用they。但
亦可用he，尤其是nobody, no one等作主语，具有否定概念时。如：
Somebody phoned while I was out, didn’t they?
Everyone enjoyed the party, didn’t they?
Nobody wants to go there, does he?
3．当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything, nothing, anything, something时，附加 疑问句中的主语一般用it，不用they。如：
Everything seems all right now, doesn’t it?
Nothing is kept in good order, is it?
Something must be done to stop pollution, isn’t it?
4.当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that或these, those时，附加疑问句中的主语分别用it和they。如：
This is important, isn’t it?
That isn’t correct, is it?
These are your friends Tom and Jack, aren’t they?
5.如果陈述部分是以代词one作主语，附加疑问句中的主语在正式场合用one，非正式场合用you,在美国英语中，在非正式场合还可以用he。如：
One can’t be too careful, can one?或can you?
One should do his duty, shouldn’t he?
6．如果陈述部分用I’m…结构，附加疑问部分一般用aren’t I。如：
I am strong and healthy aren’t I。
7．当陈述句为there be结构时，附加疑问句中的主语也用there。如：
There’s no help for it, is there?
There’s something wrong, isn’t there?
8．陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little,nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时，附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如：
Bob rarely got drunk, did he?
Few people know him, do they?
She seldom goes to the cinema, does she?
如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀，那么，该陈述部分作肯定处理，附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式。如：
He was unsuccessful, wasn’t he?
Tom dislikes the book, doesn’t he?
9．当陈述部分为主从复合句时，附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。如：
She says that I did it, doesn’t she?
I told them not everybody could do it ,didn’t I?
但当陈述部分的主语是I，谓语是think, believe, suppose, expect这类动词时，附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意否定的转移。
I suppose that he’s serious isn’t he?
I don’t think she cares, does she?
10．当陈述部分是并列句，附加疑问句则需和就近的分句的主语和谓语一致。如：
Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldn’t he?
11．在由“祈使句+附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中，附加疑问部分一般用will you, won’t you, would you,有时也可用can you, can’t you, why don’t you, could you等。如：
Don’t open the door, will you?
Give me some cigarettes, can you?
Take a rest, why don’t you?
但是，以let’s开头的祈使句，附加疑问部分用shall we;以let us开头的祈使句，如果含义是allow us，不包括听话人在内，疑问部分用will you。如：
Let’s have a basketball match this afternoon, shall we?
Let us go out for a rest, will you?
12．当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时，疑问部分用mustn’t。如：
You must work hard next term, mustn’t you?
I must answer the letter, mustn’t I?
但若表推测这层含义时，不能用must，而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构（即must之后的动词）以及含义采用相应的动词形式。如：
You must have made a mistake, haven’t you?
They must have seen the film last week, didn’t they?
He must be in the library, isn’t he?
13．当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，疑问部分可用usedn’t或didn’t。如：
The old man used to smoke, didn’t he?或usedn’t he?
Tom used to live here, usedn’t he?或didn’t he?
14当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时，疑问部分用oughtn’t或shouldn’t。如：
He ought to know the answer, oughtn’t he?
We ought to read this book, oughtn’t we?或shouldn’t we?
15．当陈述部分含有had better时，疑问部分用had。
如：You’d better finish your homework now, hadn’t you?
16．感叹句后的附加疑问句的谓语动词需用be的现在时，且常用否定形式。如：
What a clever boy, isn’t he?
What a lovely day, isn’t it?
17．陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时，疑问部分的主语通常用it。如：
Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesn’t it?
Between six and seven will suit you, won’t it?
Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it?
18．在口语和非正式文体中，为了加强语气，只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答，这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如：
Oh, he is a writer, is he?
You’ll not go, won’t you?
19．陈述句中的谓语动词是wish，表示愿望时用may，且用肯定形式。如：
I wish to have a chance to learn English, may I?
20．当陈述部分带有表示“所有”含义的动词have（has）时，疑问部分既可用have形式，也可用do形式。如：
You have a new bike, haven’t you（或don’t you）?
She doesn’t have any money in her pocket, does she?
手机网站