金融英语听力 8.英国金融制度

[00:00.00]The British Financial System
[00:01.19]英国金融制度
[00:02.38]Situation 8
[00:03.25]情景 8
[00:04.13]Tatsuo Horita ,a banker from Japan ,is visiting with an officer of the Bank of England .
[00:07.48]来自日本的银行家堀田达夫正在与英格兰银行的一位高级职员闲谈，
[00:10.84]They are talking about the British monetary and financial system .
[00:13.13]他们正谈论着英国的货币和金融制度。
[00:15.41]Horita:I understand that Bank of England notes have been legal tender in Britain since the early part of the 19th century .
[00:19.50]堀 田：据我所知，从19世纪初叶，英格兰银行发行的纸币就已经成为英国的法币了。
[00:23.59]Officer:Yes,actually from 1883,long before the Bank of England was the official central bank for Britain.
[00:28.42]职 员：是的，实际上从1833年开始，英格兰银行早已成为英国的官方中央银行了，
[00:33.25]And special restrictions put on note issurance by other banks in 1844 caused most banks to discontinue issuing notes.
[00:39.08]而且在1844年，还对其他银行的货币发行实行期一些特别的限制，这就使得大多数的银行不再继续发行纸币。
[00:44.90]H:Weren't Bank of England notes backed by specie?
[00:46.68]堀 田：英格兰银行发行的纸币不是以金银铸币作为依据吗？
[00:48.46]O:Specie or government bonds until 1931.Since then ,of course,the Bank of England like other central banks has not held specie reserves equal to our note issue.
[00:56.15]职 员：直到1931年，还是以铸币或政府的债券为依据的。当然，从那以后，象其它的中央银行一样，英格兰银行并不持有与我们发行的纸币等量的金银铸币储备。
[01:03.84]H:When did the Bank of England become the official central bank of the United Kingdom?
[01:06.57]堀  田：英格兰银行什么时候成为联合王国的官方中央银行的呢？
[01:09.30]O:That's difficult to say .Actually ,the bank was nationalized by the government in 1946.
[01:13.44]职员：这很难说，实际上，在1946年政府已将其收归国有。
[01:17.58]Before that ,however ,the bank had been the central banking instituion for over a century .
[01:21.53]然而，在这之前，英格兰银行就已经成为中央银行有100多年了。
[01:25.47]While we were privately owned ,successive governments felt that we operated in the public interest and gradually enacted laws,
[01:30.53]当时，虽然我们是私立银行，但历届政府都认为我们的业务经营活动有利于公众利益，并逐步地有所立法，
[01:35.58]which gave us various supervisory functions over other  banks .
[01:37.95]这一切赋予了我们对其他银行的各种监督职能。
[01:40.31]H:So the bank now makes fiscal and monetary policies for the country ?
[01:42.71]堀田：因此，目前该银行就是为国家制定财政和金融政策的。
[01:45.12]O:In coperation with  the Cabinet we do .Our functions are not as independent as those of the Federal Reserve in the United States.
[01:49.95]职员：我们在与内阁合作中行使我们的职能，但我们的职能不象美国联邦储备那样具有独立性。