中国地面导弹防御系统测试成功

China launched its first ground-based midcourse missile defense interception test in four years on Monday, a move experts said would further improve China’s long-range missile defense capability during wartime.

2月5日，中国发射了首个陆基中程导弹防御拦截试验，专家称此举将进一步提高中国在战时的远程导弹防御能力。

The test met expectations and was conducted in Chinese territory, the Defense Ministry said in an online statement on Tuesday. The test was defensive in nature and not targeted at any country, it added.

2月6日，中国国防部在一份网上声明中表示，此次试验符合预期，并在中国境内进行。该测试是防御性的，不针对任何国家。

When asked about the test, Foreign Ministry spokesman Geng Shuang said on Tuesday that China resolutely follows the path of peaceful development and upholds a defensive military policy.

当被问及此次试验时，外交部发言人耿爽说，中国坚定不移地走和平发展道路，奉行防御性的军事政策。

China has conducted three similar tests, in January 2010, January 2013 and July 2014.

中国在2010年1月、2013年1月和2014年7月进行了三次类似的测试。

The latest test came amid the recent fruition of the $453 million arms deal between the United States and Taiwan, which was approved in 2015.

最近的一次测试是在美国和台湾之间达成的4.53亿美元军火交易的最新成果之际，该协议于2015年获得批准。

The deal would allow the US to arm the island with 250 FIM92 Stinger portable antiaircraft homing missiles later this year.

该协议将允许美国在今年晚些时候用250枚FIM92“Stinger”便携式防空导弹武装该岛。

Major General Zhu Chenghu, a professor at the National Defense University, said Monday’s test could be a response to the US recently labeling China a "nuclear threat" and planning to expand its nuclear arsenal to deter China.

美国国防大学(National Defense University)教授朱成虎少将(General Zhu Chenghu)表示，周一的测试可能是对美国最近给中国贴上“核威胁”的回应，美国计划扩大其核武库以遏制中国。

The midcourse missile defense system, known as GMD, is primarily used to intercept and protect China from incoming long-range ballistic missiles, on which most nuclear warheads can be loaded, he said.

他说，中程导弹防御系统，即GMD，主要用于拦截远程弹道导弹和避免中国遭受袭击，大多数核弹头都可以装载于远程弹道导弹。

"China and other countries are reasonably worried because the US has not only modernized its nuclear arsenal in recent years, but is also eluding international conventions and lowering the threshold to use nuclear weapons by creating smaller, more accessible bombs," he said.

他说:“中国和其他国家有理由担心，因为美国近年来不仅现代化了其核武库，而且还在逃避国际公约，并通过制造更小、更便捷的核弹来降低使用核武器的门槛。”

Midcourse interception is widely regarded as the most feasible but difficult phase to intercept a ballistic missile in its three-phase flight, the other two being boosting and terminal re-entry, he said.

他说:“中途拦截被广泛认为是拦截弹道导弹在三相飞行中最可行但也是最困难的阶段，另外两种是助推和终端再进入阶段。”

This is because the missile usually reaches its maximum speed and height during its midcourse flight at more than 100 kilometers in space, where there is no air resistance, and it is hard to detect and intercept by ground-launched interception weapon.

这是因为导弹在飞行中段飞行时通常达到最高的速度和高度，在100多公里的空间中，没有空气阻力，并且很难通过地面发射的拦截武器来探测和拦截。

The average peak speed of an intercontinental ballistic missile can reach 5,000 to 7,000 meters per second, or close to 15 to 20 times the speed of sound, according to the Federation of American Scientists, a noNPRofit organization on nuclear security.

根据美国科学家联合会(一个关于核安全的非盈利组织)的说法，洲际弹道导弹的平均峰值速度可以达到每秒5000到7000米，或者接近音速的15到20倍。

"Missile interception is often compared to hitting one speeding bullet with another, however, this is becoming less true because incoming missiles can now carry more than a dozen warheads and even deploy various decoys to fool interceptors," said Zhu.

他说:“导弹拦截经常被拿来与另一颗高速飞行的子弹相比较，但这变得不那么真实了，因为现在的导弹可以携带超过12枚弹头，甚至可以部署各种诱饵来欺骗拦截器。”

"It is now more like the world’s fastest and deadliest cat-and-mouse game. Even the best system needs several detectors and intercepting missiles working together to fully deter one attacking missile, despite this, a small percentage of warheads can still get through."

现在，它更像是世界上最快、最致命的猫捉老鼠游戏。即使是最好的系统也需要几个探测器和拦截导弹一起工作，以完全阻止一个攻击导弹，尽管如此，一小部分弹头仍然可以通过拦截。

Given its technical difficulty and cost, only a handful of countries have GMD systems and most of them have a limited scale, Zhu said. Russia has around 70 interceptor missiles to protect Moscow and its surrounding area. Japan, Israel, and Republic of Korea are also building limited GMD systems, mostly with help from the US.

他说，考虑到其技术上的困难和成本，只有少数几个国家有GMD系统，而且大多数国家拥有的规模都有限。俄罗斯有大约70枚拦截导弹，以保护莫斯科及其周边地区。日本、以色列和大韩民国也在建立有限的GMD系统，主要是在美国的帮助下。

The US currently leads the world in missile defense capability. Apart from spending more than $40 billion in the past 18 years on GMD that protects all of North America, the US also has the world’s most advanced sea-based missile defense system called Aegis, according to the US Missile Defense Agency.

美国目前在导弹防御能力方面处于世界领先地位。美国导弹防御局称，除了在过去18年花费超过400亿美元用于保护北美所有地区的GMD之外，美国还拥有世界上最先进的海上导弹防御系统“Aegis”。

Li Haidong, a researcher of American studies at China Foreign Affairs University, said the fundamental difference between the Chinese and US missile defense systems is that China deploys missile defense for self-defense, but the US deploys far more systems than its security needs.

中国外交学院(China Foreign Affairs University)美国研究所研究员李海东(音译)表示，中美两国导弹防御系统的根本区别在于，中国部署导弹防御是出于自卫，但美国部署的系统远远超过其安全需求。