中国未来城市规划

The movement of Chinese citizens from farms to cities over the past 30 years is the largest and fastest urbanization in the history of the world, by far. Getting this process right－planning cities over the next three decades that are productive, livable and environmentally friendly－is crucial.

目前为止，在世界历史中，过去三十年间，中国居民从农村迁移到城市的城镇化规模最大，速度也最快。在未来三十年规划出高效、宜居和环境友好的城市，以使城镇化进程顺利发展——是至关重要的。

Economists have found that people living in cities are generally more productive. The close interactions made possible by easy access to individuals, groups and ideas multiply the opportunities open to inventors, investors and entrepreneurs. These so-called agglomeration effects are a key part of continued economic growth.

经济学家发现，城市居民工作效率普遍更高。在城市中，个人、群体和不同的思想间更加接近，因此更易产生互动，这也使创造者、投资者和企业家的机会成倍增加。这种聚集效应对经济发展持续增长非常关键。

Robert Guild, director of transport and communications for East Asia at the Asian Development Bank, said the ADB calculates large positive returns for infrastructure investments in China. "Agglomeration reduces the costs of interaction. It lowers costs throughout the supply chain. Plus, it allows people to generate ideas as they serendipitously come into contact with others."

亚洲开发银行东亚运输和通信部主管罗伯特.吉尔德说，该银行预测称，中国的基础设施投资将带来巨大的收益。他说：“聚集减少了互动的成本，减少了整个供应链的成本。另外，这也让人们能在和他人偶然的接触中想出新的主意。”

On the other hand, since 2000, China has invested in building the world’s most extensive subway system. The lines are well-managed, on time and reliable. In most cities now it is easy to get around without a car. This is key for building much better cities in the future.

另一方面，自2000年开始，中国已经投资修建了世界最大的地铁系统。地铁线路管理有方、准时且可靠。现在在中国大多数城市，不用开车也能到处游玩。这对未来建造更好的城市很重要。

Entrepreneurial companies like Ofo, Mobike and others that have created China’s bike-sharing systems have solved a crucial human logistics problem. These innovations multiply the effectiveness of a subway system by making it possible for almost everyone within the urban area to get to a station within 15 minutes of their home or workplace.

Ofo、摩拜和其他创业公司打造出中国的共享单车体系，解决了重要的交通问题。这些创新使地铁出行的效果成倍增长，几乎每位城区居民从家或者办公室的15分钟内都能到达地铁站。

The world’s most extensive high-speed rail system is almost complete, now linking key cities in most of the country.

世界规模最大的高铁系统也已接近完成，连接起中国多数大城市。

China has done a lot of things right. There are no massive, dangerous slums like those seen in cities of other developing countries. Pollution has been bad, but coordinated national planning is making rapid improvements possible.

中国取得了很多成就。这里没有其他发展中国家城市中那样巨大又危险的贫民窟。中国的确存在污染问题，但协调有序的国家规划将迅速改善目前的状况。

One danger from rapid urbanization is that the countryside could become less well off. Many countries around the world have exploited farmers to support their urban populations. That’s the reason China’s current emphasis on poverty reduction, entrepreneurship in rural areas and agricultural revitalization is so important. Cities are highly productive, but no country can have a healthy society unless its smaller cities and rural areas are also great places to live.

快速城镇化的一个风险是乡村会变得更贫困。全球很多国家都曾利用农民的劳动成果支持城市人口。因此中国目前下大力气减贫、支持农村创业和乡村振兴非常重要。城市效率高，但如果一个国家的小城镇和农村地区不宜居，那么这个国家的社会就不健康。

So what are the next logical steps?

那么下一步该怎么走呢？

The next big infrastructure investment will be into regional rail systems linking smaller cities to large core areas. This relieves pressure on the core areas and increases productivity on a national scale. Three huge integrated areas－the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area in the north, the Yangtze River Delta centered on Shanghai, and the Pearl River Delta including Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong in the south－will be the largest megalopolises in the world. Getting the planning of these regions right is key to building ongoing sustainable growth.

下一项大的基础设施投资将是把小城市与大的核心区连接起来的铁路系统。这将减少核心地区的压力，提升全国的效率。三个大的综合区域（北方的京津冀地区、以上海为中心的长三角地区、包括广州、深圳和香港的珠三角地区）将成为全球最大的城市群。把这些地区规划好对可持续发展非常关键。

In the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area, 1,100 kilometers of new regional rails are planned, making travel convenient throughout the region. The Xiongan New Area will be linked tightly with Beijing, allowing people to enjoy the benefits of agglomeration without the downside of living in a crowded and expensive core city.

中国计划在京津冀地区修建1100公里的城际铁路，使这一地区的人们出行更加便利。雄安新区也将与北京紧密相连，使人们不居住在拥挤且昂贵的核心城市，就可以享受到城市群的好处。

The Xiongan New Area will serve as a test case for urban planning concepts moving forward. The best urban planners from around the world are being consulted to ensure the new city is as smart and green as possible.

雄安新区将成为进一步推行城市规划的试验案例。中国邀请了全球最好的城市规划者们提出建议，确保雄安新区更加智能和环保。

"They want to use new urban planning principles including small roads and small districts, energy self-sufficiency, mixed-use areas balancing homes and jobs, multimodal transportation, said Liu Daizong, China transport program director at the World Resources Institute.

世界资源研究所中国运输项目主管刘代宗（音）说：“中国希望使用新的城市规划原则，包括小路和小区域、能源自给、平衡住宅和办公场所的多功能区以及综合运输等。”

"They also have some ideas to focus on smart city technology and on integrating future innovation, such as driverless cars, and there are plans for ’complete streets’ that make space for pedestrians, bikes and buses. The Xiongan New Area is very close to Lake Baiyangdian, so urban planners want to use sponge city technology to handle water runoff. They plan to have a 15-minute life cycle－meaning that residents can find everything they need for their daily lives within a 15-minute bike ride."

“中国还想利用智能城市技术并结合未来创新打造雄安新区，比如无人驾驶汽车，还计划修建为行人、自行车和公交车让出空间的‘完整街道’。雄安新区毗邻白洋淀，所以城市规划者想使用海绵城市技术解决水流失。他们计划打造15分钟生活圈，也就是居民可以在骑行15分钟的区域内找到各种生活所需。”

The investments of today will make China’s cities of 2050 both productive and pleasant places to live.

今天的投资将使2050年的中国更高效，而且居住更舒适。