CNN News:NASA在地球上模拟火星生活 6人密闭生活8个月

Space exploration financing, we've discussed the money it would take to get to deep space and questions about whether it's worth it. Space exploration technology, we've showed you the potential vehicles and rockets that could take people far, far away.
But what about space exploration psychology? Six people living on Hawaii's Mauna Loa Volcano are part of $1.6 million study in how the brain can handle the confines of living on Mars.
RACHEL CRANE, cnn CORRESPONDENT: It's crazy that you guys have been living in this dome for eight months. Six of you in here.
NEIL SCHEIBELHUT: Are you calling me crazy?
(LAUGHTER)
CRANE: But that's actually why these six crew members were chosen for this special mission, to see if they would go crazy.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: It definitely has that potential.
CRANE: I was one of the first civilians they saw in months.
It's pretty tiny.
That's because they were stuck living inside the small dome, pretending to be on Mars, except Mars is the top of this dormant volcano in Hawaii.
Some say this is the most Martian-like environment we have here on earth. It's isolated. It's desolate. It's rocky. It's cold. I mean, I truly feel like I'm on another planet.
They lived here because NASA needs to figure out a major problem, if the mind can handle a trip to deep space.
DR. LAUREN LEVETON, NASA SCIENTIST: These missions are incredible undertakings. They're uNPRecedented in terms of distance, duration and confinement.
CRANE: We don't know how it's truly going to impact our brains.
LEVETON: Yes, exactly. We really want to be able to quantify this risk.
CRANE: And that's where the HI SEAS mission comes in.
KIM BINSTED, HI SEAS INVESTIGATOR: The goal of this mission is to look at crew cohesion and performance. We want to see how we can select people and then support them so they can do long duration space mission without —
CRANE: Going crazy.
BINSTED: Yes, basically.
CRANE: There have been similar experiments, but HI SEAS is one of the longest. And the first to focus solely on the coed mission to Mars.
SCHEIBELHUT: So, we have to wear this sociometers while we were awake and they would like measure interaction.
CRANE: So, those are the things that would measure how close you are to some of your other crew members, see who likes each other and who doesn't like each other.
SOHIE MILAM: Yes, how loud your voices when you're talking to someone.
CRANE: Right, right.
MILAM: — if there was strain, you're possibly having a heated discussion.
SCHEIBELHUT: That never happened.
CRANE: Right.
太空探索资金，这里讨论的是前往外太空所需的资金，以及这笔花费是否值得。太空探索技术，是为大家展示潜在技术以及能把人们带去遥远地方的火箭。
但是太空探索心理学又是什么呢？在夏威夷莫纳罗亚火山生活的6个人是一项耗资160万美元研究的一部分，目的是研究大脑如何控制在火星上的生活范围。
cnn记者蕾切尔·克莱恩：你们在这个穹顶里生活了8个月，这简直太疯狂了。你们6个人都在这里生活。
尼尔·切贝尔哈特：你是说我疯了吗？
（笑声）
克莱恩：不过这就是这支6人团队被选定参加这项特殊任务的原因，目的是看他们会不会疯掉。
身份不明的女性：绝对有这种可能。
克莱恩：我是这几个月以来他们见到的首批平民之一。
这里非常小。
这是因为他们生活在这个小穹顶里面，假装生活在火星上，不过火星在这座位于夏威夷的休眠火山的顶部。
有人说这里是地球上最接近火星环境的地方。这里偏远且无人居住，布满岩石而且非常寒冷。我是说，我真的觉得我生活在另一个星球上。
他们在这里生活是因为，美国国家航空航天局要解决一个重要的问题，即大脑是否可以控制外太空旅行。
美国国家航空航天局科学家劳伦·里维顿博士：这些任务是伟大的事业。就距离、持续时间和限制情况来说，这是史无前例的任务。
克莱恩：我们不知道这如何真正地去影响我们的大脑。
里维顿：没错。我们希望能够量化这一风险。
克莱恩：所以才会开展这项夏威夷太空探险模拟任务。
夏威夷太空探险模拟任务调查员金·宾斯特德：这项任务的目标是观察团队的凝聚力和表现。我们想看看我们要怎样选人，怎样支持他们，确保他们能进行长时间的太空任务，而不……
克莱恩：变疯。
宾斯特德：基本上可以这么说。
克莱恩：虽然有过类似实验，但是夏威夷太空探险模拟任务是进行时间最长的任务之一。也是首个只关注男女共同实施的火星任务。
切贝尔哈特：所以，我们在清醒的时候必须要戴这个社交计量仪，他们测量相互作用。
克莱恩：这些是测量你和团队其他成员亲密程度的仪器，看看谁和谁互相喜欢，谁和谁互相看不对眼。
索希·米拉姆：对，还有你在和其他人说话的时候声音有多大。
克莱恩：好，好的。
米拉姆：如果出现问题，你们可能会进行激烈的争吵。
切贝尔哈特：这从来没有发生过。
克莱恩：好。

A Mars mission could last over a year. So, researches studied how the HI SEAS crew behaved during this extended period of time, in this very confined space.
Is there any place in this habitat where you had any privacy at all?
MILAM: Visual privacy, you can go into your room and close the door, but there's absolutely no sound privacy at all.
CRANE: But it's not just how the crews get along.
BINSTED: The data we're getting out is giving NASA engineers information about how much water crews used, how much food they eat, what kinds of food they eat, how much energy they used, how much space they need.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: This is the largest room in the house.
CRANE: The crew members selected for this mission are astronaut-like as possible, chosen for their education and temperament. But even they had a hard time.
SCHEIBELHUT: I had to try different things. I had to like, OK, well, maybe if I just go in my room and like stay away from people for a while, that doesn't work.
CRANE: But if we want to make it to another planet, we need to figure out how to deal with these feelings of anxiety, depression, even boredom.
MILAM: We played board games about five nights a week.
CRANE: Do you guys like bored a lot so you needed the board games?
SCHEIBELHUT: Well, yes. Movies and TV shows and board games were about the only social activities we had.
CRANE: And NASA psychologists say that a very important part of keeping us happy is food.
So, this is where you guys did all your cooking.
SCHEIBELHUT: Yes.
CRANE: But this is not your typical cooking. I mean, you guys were dealing with freeze dried food here.
MILAM: Yes.
CRANE: Nothing really fresh.
SCHEIBELHUT: No.
MILAM: You can always find someone making something in here. So, it's kind of the most social.
SCHEIBELHUT: Stepping into the legs.
CRANE: And whenever they went outside to simulate space walks, they actually wore a spacesuit.
CRANE: Having gone to this experience, would you still go to Mars?
MILAM: Absolutely.
CRANE: Would you go to Mars?
SCHEIBELHUT: Yesterday.
火星任务可能会持续一年以上的时间。研究人员对夏威夷太空探险模拟任务团队在漫长的时间和局限空间里的行为进行研究。
这个客舱里有没有私人空间？
米拉姆：有视觉隐私，你可以走进自己的房间然后把门关上，但是完全没有声音隐私。
克莱恩：但是这个团队不仅要应付这种情况。
宾斯特德：我们提供的数据使美国国家航空航天局的工程师们了解团队的用水量、食量、所吃食物的种类、使用的能量以及所需的空间。
身份不明的女性：这是这间房子里最大的房间。
克莱恩：入选这个任务的团队成员要尽可能的像宇航员，他们的教育程度和性情也在考查范围之内。但即使这样他们还是经历了艰难的时光。
切贝尔哈特：我要尝试不同的事情。我不能只是走进房间，远离其他人一段时间，这样行不通。
克莱恩：但是如果我们想去另一个星球，我们就要知道如何应对焦虑、抑郁、无聊等情感。
米拉姆：我们曾有一周5个晚上都在玩棋类游戏。
克莱恩：是因为你们太无聊了，所以需要这些棋类游戏吗？
切贝尔哈特：嗯，是的。电影、电视节目和棋类游戏是我们仅有的社交活动。
克莱恩：美国国家航空航天局的心理学家表示，食物是让我们开心的一个非常重要的元素。
这里就是你们做饭的地方。
切贝尔哈特：对。
克莱恩：不过这不是典型的烹饪。我是说，你们在这里烹饪的是冻干食物。
米拉姆：对。
克莱恩：没有新鲜食物。
切贝尔哈特：没有。
米拉姆：你总能看到有人在这里做饭。所以，可以说这是最具社交性的事情。
切贝尔哈特：穿进裤腿里。
克莱恩：他们去外面模拟太空行走时，要穿上太空服。
克莱恩：经过这次实验以后，你还会去火星吗？
米拉姆：当然会。
克莱恩：你会去火星吗？
切贝尔哈特：昨天。