大学英语综合教程 第一册 unit 6a

[00:00.00]Food,warmth,sleep?Their thoughts may be much deeper than that.
[00:05.59]WHAT ANIMALS REALLY THINK       by Euqene Linden
[00:10.42]Over the years,I have writte extensiyely
[00:14.55]about animal-intelligence experiments and the controvers that surrounds them.
[00:21.00]Do animals rea11y have thoughts，what we call consciousness?
[00:27.12]Wondering whether there might be better ways
[00:30.43]to a explore animal intelligence than experments designed to teach human signs
[00:37.17]I realized what now seems obvious：if animals can think
[00:42.89]they will probably do their best thinking
[00:46.13]when it serves their own purposes，not when scientists ask them to.
[00:52.48]And so I started talking to vets，animal researchers，zoo keepers．
[00:59.40]Most do not study,animal intelligence，
[01:03.24]but they encounter it，and the lack of it，evey day
[01:07.79]The stories they tell us
[01:10.35]reveal what I'm convinced is a new window on animal intelligence,
[01:16.30]The kind of mental feats animals perform when dealing with captivity
[01:22.26]and the dominant species on the planet-humalls.
[01:27.12]Let's Make a Deal
[01:29.52]Consider the time Charlene Jenry,a conservationist at the Colurnbus Zoo,
[01:36.94]learned that a female gorilla named Colo was handling a suspicious object．
[01:43.24]Arriving on the scene
[01:46.87]Jendry ofered Colo some peanuts，only to be met with a blank stare
[01:52.88]Realizing they were negotiating，Jendry raised                                                                                                                                    the stakes and offered a piece of pineapple
[02:00.42]At this point, while maintaining eye contact,
[02:04.58]Colo opened her hand and revealed a key chain.
[02:08.84]Relieved it was not anything dangerous or valuable,
[02:13.17]Jendry gave Colo the pineapplel
[02:16.33]Careful bargainer that she was,
[02:19.36]Colo then broke the key chain and gave Jendry a link, perhaps figufing
[02:26.13]Why give her the whole thing if I can get a bit of pineapple for each piece
[02:32.06]If an animal can show skill in trading one thing for another,
[02:37.31]why not in handling money.
[02:39.76]one orangutan named Chantek
[02:42.69]did just that in a sign-language study undertaken by anthropologist Ly Miles
[02:49.74]at the University of Tennessee.
[02:52.75]Chantek figured out that if he did tasks like cleaning his room
[02:59.77]he'd earn coins to spend on treats and rides in Miles's cat
[03:05.21]But the orangutan' s understanding of money
[03:08.58]seemed to extend far beyond simple Dealings
[03:12.94]Miles first used plastic chips as coins,
[03:17.17]but Chantek decided he could expand the money supply by breaking chips in two
[03:24.25]When Miles switched to metal chips,
[03:27.46]Chantek found pieces of tin foil and tried to make copies.
[03:32.92]Miles also tried to teach Chantek more virtuous habits such as saving and sharing
[03:39.74]Indeed,when I caught up with the orangutan at Zoo Atlanta,where he now lives
[03:45.36]I saw  an example of sharing that anyone might envy
[03:50.27]When Miles gave Chantek some grapes and asked him to share them,
[03:55.36]Chantek promptly ate all the fruit.
[03:58.92]Then, as if he'd just remembered he'd been asked to share,