高中英语人教版高三2 06

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[00:00.00]和谐英语学习网 Unit 20              Gandhi
[00:03.68]Lesson 77            1 Reading comprehension
[00:11.26]Read the text fast to find answers to these questions.
[00:17.32]1 In which countries did Gandhi work for the liberation of Indians?
[00:24.58]2 What successes did Gandhi gain?
[00:29.94]GANDHI:HIS LIFE
[00:33.88]He was called"Bapu,"meaning"father"--because he was the father
[00:41.35]of the Indian nation of the twentieth century.
[00:45.90]Even before India won independence from its British rulers,
[00:52.06]it was clear that Gandhi was the key figure
[00:56.32]and leader in the struggle of 380 million Indians to govern themselves.
[01:04.18]Mohandas Gandhi was born in India in 1869 and was married at the age of 13,
[01:12.54]following local custom.
[01:15.70]In September 1888 at the age of 19,
[01:21.55]he sailed to England and after three years'study became a loawyer.
[01:28.03]On his return to India he had the chance to travel to South Africa
[01:33.88]to work on a law case.This experience was to change his life.
[01:40.73]At this period Indians livling in South Africa
[01:46.08]were badly treated by South African whites,
[01:50.45]and very few of them had the right to vote.
[01:54.70]Gandhi was thrown off a train and later a mail bus
[02:00.35]for insisting on travelling in the whitew-only section.
[02:05.20]He was so shocked by this lack of equality and fairness
[02:11.16]that he formed an organization leading the Indians'struggle for equal rights.
[02:17.64]He quiockly became the leader.
[02:20.98]For twenty years Gandhi played an important role
[02:26.34]in working for equal rights for Indians.
[02:31.01]He wrote about socialism in newspapers
[02:35.66]and started a magazine called"Indian Opinion".
[02:40.91]When he returned to India he spoke in public about the situation in South Africa.
[02:47.76]South Africa passed further laws designed to make life difficult for non-whites.
[02:54.60]All the Indians over the age of 8 had to carry their permits at all times.
[03:01.76]The Indians declared that this"Pass Law"was unfair.
[03:07.51]Some of them publicly burnt their permits and many of them were put in pison.
[03:13.57]Other Indians were killed
[03:17.43]when police officers fiercely attacked their political marches.
[03:22.76]Finally,as a result of the unrest among the Indian population,
[03:28.72]the leader of South Africa had to give in.
[03:32.87]Gandhi won his first non-violent struggle against racial discrimination.
[03:38.93]Gandhi returned to Indea in 1915 and was honoured as a hero.
[03:45.78]Over the next thirtytwo years he fought for human rights
[03:51.52]and the rights of workers who were badly treated by their employers.
[03:56.88]Finally,he demanded an end to the British rule over India
[04:02.63]and independence for his country.
[04:06.39]Because of his revolutionary views,he spent many years in prison.
[04:12.13]He had a gift for thiking up ways of making political points.
[04:17.49]He encouraged Indians to start making their own cotton cloth
[04:22.95]and to refuse to buy cloth made in England.
[04:27.31]Thousands joined him when he led a march to the coast,
[04:32.17]with the purpose of"making a little salt"when he reached the sea.
[04:38.41]At that time only the British government had the right to sell salt,
[04:44.34]which was taxed,so Gandhi encouraged the whole nation to make their own salt.
[04:50.90]Following this,60,000 Indians,including Gandhi,were put in prison.
[04:58.06]In the end this political movement succeeded
[05:02.73]and Indians were allowed to make and sell salt.
[05:07.46]Many other struggles follwed.
[05:10.99]Finally,India won her independence on August 15th,1947,
[05:18.75]but Gandhi himself was shot five months later by an Indian who opposed his views.
[05:25.90]He died on Januauy 30th,1948.
[05:31.18]Lesson 78
[05:39.54]1 Reading comprehension
[05:43.59]Read the text fast to find answers to these questions.
[05:49.86]1 What did Gandhi mean by"the force of truth"?