NPR News:印度总理莫迪任内第四次访美 会晤奥巴马并在国会演讲

This is not just a busy week in U.S. politics. It's also an important week for diplomacy because the prime minister of India, the world's second most populous country, will be visiting the nation's capital. Narendra Modi will meet with President Obama and address a joint session of Congress. NPR's Julie McCarthy is with us now from New Delhi to tell us more about the visit and what's on the agenda. Hi, Julie.
本周不只是美国政治领域繁忙的一周。同时也是外交领域重要的一周，因为世界第二大人口大国印度的总理将访问美国首都。纳伦德拉•莫迪将同奥巴马总统举行会谈，并在国会联席会议上发表讲话。NPR新闻的朱莉•麦卡锡将从新德里和我们连线，介绍本次访问的详细情况和日程安排。你好，朱莉。

JULIE MCCARTHY, BYLINE: Hi, thank you.
朱莉•麦卡锡连线：你好，谢谢你。

MARTIN: So President Obama has been to India twice as president, and Narendra Modi has visited the U.S. four times in the last two years. What's behind all this?
马丁：奥巴马总统在任职期间访问过印度两次，纳伦德拉•莫迪在两年内四次访问美国。我们要怎么理解？

MCCARTHY: Well, you know, it's been a long process that began 16 years ago. The real framework of this relationship was the Cold War for many decades, so it was chilly. And lo and behold, in the year 2000, there's a conscious decision to change the trajectory of this relationship when President Clinton comes to India. The two sides finally look at each other and say, the U.S. and India are the world's two biggest democracies. Let's work together. Along comes President Bush, and he pushes the two sides even closer.
And now for President Obama, India is a stable anchor in a very unstable region. And there's lots of commonalities with the United States — innovative and great diversity in them and entrepreneurial. And so he extends this warm reception to Mr. Modi, you know, who at one point, Michel, was persona non grata in Washington.
麦卡锡：你知道，这是16年前开始的一个漫长进程。美国和印度的关系经历了数十年的“冷战”，双方关系极为冷淡。 然后在2000年，一个明智的决定产生了——改变美印关系的轨迹，那一年克林顿总统访问了印度。双方终于能面对面地表示，美国和印度是世界上两个最大的民主国家。我们合作吧。然后布什总统让两国的关系更为密切。
现在，对奥巴马总统来说，印度是非常不稳定地区的稳定国家。印度和美国有很多共同点，比如创新、多样性以及企业家精神。所以他更为热情地接待了莫迪总理，迈克尔，要知道莫迪曾是华盛顿不欢迎的人。

MARTIN: Well, you know, would you — remind us again about that. Because as I understand it, Modi had previously been barred from entering the U.S. Could you just remind us of why that was and how, specifically, that changed?
马丁：你能再和我们说明一下吗？据我所知，莫迪曾被美国禁止入境。你能解释一下原因还有形势的变化吗？

MCCARTHY: Modi was denied a visa to come to the U.S. stemming from his handling of riots in his home state of Gujarat in 2002. Then some 1,000 Muslims died on his watch, and it cast a shadow over Modi, who described himself as a Hindu nationalist. Since he came to office, there was a recognition that he was the prime minister. The people of India had spoken. And invitations were extended not just by the United States, but by many countries.
麦卡锡：莫迪曾因对其家乡州古吉拉特邦2002年暴乱的处理方式而被美国禁止入境。当时莫迪是古吉拉特邦的首席部长，那场暴乱造成约1000名穆斯林死亡，这起事件也为自称印度教民族主义者的莫迪蒙上了阴影。他上台执政以后，外界开始承认他印度总理的身份。印度民众认可他。美国和其他国家的出访邀请也纷至沓来。

MARTIN: So what would Washington like to see Prime Minister Modi deliver during this visit or in connection with this visit? And what about vice versa?
马丁：华盛顿希望莫迪总理在访美期间传递怎样的信息？莫迪又希望美国传递怎样的信息？

MCCARTHY: Well, the U.S. would like to see a greater ease of doing business. Commerce here is encumbered by loads of red tape. India is hungry for technology. It wants to grow. It wants to create jobs. And it wants to co-produce defense equipment. Both sides want to curb climate change.
And environmentalists hope that India, this time around the number three polluter in the world, says in Washington that it will formally join the Paris climate accord by year's end and help push it into effect. And all of that helps President Obama's legacy on climate change. And India's renewable targets — very ambitious — helps Modi's legacy, but he's got to pay for it. He needs capital. He needs investment. But businesses needs to get a lot easier here or they won't come.
麦卡锡：美国希望能更便利地进行交易。印度的商业被大量的繁文缛节所阻碍。印度非常渴望科技。印度想发展，想创造就业机会，想共同制造防御设备。双方都希望遏制气候变化。
环保人士希望世界第三大污染国印度能在华盛顿表示将在年底前正式加入《巴黎气候协议》，并帮助该协议实施。这些将有助于增加奥巴马总统在气候变化方面留下的遗产。印度在可再生能源方面的目标颇具雄心，要增加莫迪的遗产，不过他要有所付出。他需要资金，需要投资。不过前提是使印度的商业更为便利，否则无法得到资金。

MARTIN: Before we let you go, Julie, this is — the U.S. is not the only stop on Prime Minister Modi's trip this time. Where else is he going? And what — is there sort of an overall message to his travels on this particular trip?
马丁：朱莉，最后一个问题，美国不是莫迪总理此次出访的唯一一站。他还要去哪里访问？他这次特别出访有没有传递出什么总体信息？

MCCARTHY: I think you can sort of step back and say there's a series of countries he is going to. He started off in Afghanistan. He will end up in Mexico. This is a prime minister who wants India to be its own player on the global stage. And it's important to remember, too, that the U.S. and India are not formal allies. This is just a strategic partnership, and they're still wending their way through that.
麦卡锡：你可以回想一下，他还有一些国家要访问。他此次访问的首站是阿富汗，最后一站是墨西哥。莫迪总理希望印度在全球舞台上做自己。另外，还有一件重要的事情需要记住，美国和印度不是正式盟友。美国和印度只是战略合作伙伴关系，两国关系仍在缓慢前行。

MARTIN: That's NPR's Julie McCarthy in New Delhi. Thanks, Julie.
马丁：以上是NPR新闻的朱莉•麦卡锡从新德里带来的报道。谢谢你，朱莉。

MCCARTHY: Thank you.
麦卡锡：谢谢。