NPR News:埃塞俄比亚宣布进入国家紧急状态 为期6个月

Now it's time for Words You'll Hear. That's where we try to understand a story in the news by focusing on one of the key words. And this week, our word is Oromo. That's an ethnic group in Ethiopia, and they are at the center of ongoing demonstrations against the Ethiopian government, which has now declared a six-month state of emergency to take effect immediately. This after dozens of people were killed in anti-government protests and a stampede last weekend triggered by clashes with security forces at an Oromo festival. NPR's Ofeibea Quist-Arcton is going to tell us more now. She's in Harare. Ofeibea, thanks so much for speaking with us.
OFEIBEA QUIST-ARCTON, BYLINE: Greetings.
MARTIN: Now, this is the first state of emergency declared in Ethiopia for some 25 years. How significant is this?
QUIST-ARCTON: Hugely significant because, Michel, it means that the Ethiopian government is rattled. We have had months and months of protests by the group you mentioned, the Oromo, the majority population in Ethiopia, and the Amhara people. And together they make up certainly the majority percentage of Ethiopians. They say that despite this, they are led by a minority Tigrayan elite, that they have very little political or economic representation, land rights and that the government is trying to push into their area to expand the capital Addis Ababa because the economy is doing so well. And that is why they have been protesting for so long.
MARTIN: The country has been getting a lot of positive press for encouraging outside investment, and the economy is growing. But are the protests related to that push for development?
QUIST-ARCTON: Absolutely, because the Oromo people and the Amhara people say that the economic boom in Ethiopia is at their expense, that the government is giving land to foreign investors from countries as far as the Netherlands to China. But they say there's no trickle down, and they're not going to put up with this. And that is why we are seeing these demonstrations. And that is why we see the government deciding to declare this state of emergency. It is feeling nervous that this has perhaps gone too far and perhaps it cannot control it.
现在是“聆听单词”时间，通过关键词来理解新闻。本周的关键词是“奥罗莫”。这是埃塞俄比亚的一个民族，目前该民族正在主导反政府示威，埃塞俄比亚政府已宣布全国立即进入为期6个月的国家紧急状态。反政府示威及上周末发生的踩踏事故造成数十人死亡，这是因为示威人群在奥罗莫庆典上同安全部队发生冲突。NPR新闻的奥菲比亚·奎斯特·阿克顿将带来详细报道。她现在在哈拉雷。奥菲比亚，非常谢谢你和我们连线。
奥菲比亚·奎斯特·阿克顿连线：你好。
马丁：这是埃塞俄比亚25年来首次宣布国家紧急状态。这个意义有多重大？
奎斯特·阿克顿：意义非常重大，米歇尔，因为这表明埃塞俄比亚政府非常慌乱。你刚才提到的奥罗莫人已经进行了数个月的抗议，奥罗莫人和阿姆哈拉人是埃塞俄比亚的主要人口。这两大族群在埃塞俄比亚人口中占绝大多数。他们说，虽然如此，但是领导他们的是少数族群提格里尼人，他们在政治和经济上拥有的发言权以及土地权都很少，而且因为经济情况良好，政府试图将他们所在的地区并入首都亚的斯亚贝巴。这也是他们这么长时间以来一直在坚持抗议的原因。
马丁：埃塞俄比亚因鼓励外部投资获得了很多积极效果，经济也在持续发展。但是这些抗议与政府推动发展的举措有关吗？
奎斯特·阿克顿：当然有，因为奥罗莫人和阿姆哈拉人认为，埃塞俄比亚的经济繁荣是以牺牲他们的利益换来的，政府把土地给了来自荷兰和中国的外国投资者。但是他们说，这些并没有换来利益，他们不会再容忍这种做法。这是爆发示威的原因。也是政府决定宣布国家进入紧急状态的原因。因为他们感到很紧张，事态的发展有些过了，可能无法控制了。

MARTIN: Indeed, those who watched the Olympics might remember that the Ethiopian marathoner Feyisa Lilesa when he won the silver medal, crossed the finish line with his fists above his head. And he explained later that this was a gesture of protest. He is also Oromo, but he specifically was protesting, he said, that the government's kind of abuse of civil rights and civil liberties. What is he talking about there? What are other protesters saying has been occurring?
QUIST-ARCTON: Exactly that, and this symbol, as you say, of lifting the hands above the head and then crossing the wrists has become a very familiar gesture that we are seeing by the Oromo protesters in this restive Oromia area and beyond because it's, of course, not just Ethiopians in Ethiopia who say that their government is authoritarian, that it allows no freedom of speech, that it allows no freedom of association, that it imprisons its opponents. It does not allow bloggers or journalists to operate freely. Many Ethiopians in the diaspora say the very same thing. And the United States government has said that excess force has been used in trying to damp down these protests and that the government is going to have to do something about it. But Ethiopia is also a key partner in the area to the United States to try and bring a semblance of stability, law and order to the Horn of Africa. But it's also seen as being repressive by very many people.
MARTIN: Before I let you go, Ofeibea, what do we know — or do we know any details about how the state of emergency will be enforced?
QUIST-ARCTON: All we heard from the Ethiopian prime minister, Hailemariam Desalegn, is that this move has been taken because he says it's necessary to protect both citizens and lives and property because, of course, property has been damaged. And these foreign-owned companies have been attacked. It is effective immediately.
MARTIN: That's NPR's Ofeibea Quist-Arcton. She's on the line with us from Harare, Zimbabwe. Ofeibea, thank you so much for speaking with us.
QUIST-ARCTON: Always a pleasure. Thanks, Michel.
马丁：观看了奥运会的人可能还记得，获得亚军的埃塞俄比亚马拉松选手费伊萨·利莱萨在冲过终点线时将拳头举过了头顶。后来他解释称，这个手势表示抗议。他是奥罗莫人，他抗议的是政府滥用权力和阻碍公民自由。他是什么意思？其他抗议者有发表过类似的言论吗？
奎斯特·阿克顿：没错，如你所说，将双手举过头顶交叉是奥罗莫抗议者在动荡不安的奥罗莫地区经常做的一个手势，当然不只是埃塞俄比亚境内的埃塞俄比亚人认为他们的政府非常专制，埃塞俄比亚政府不允许自由言论，不允许自由结社，还会将反对者送入监狱。另外，埃塞俄比亚也不允许博主和记者自由行动。生活在其他国家的埃塞俄比亚人提到过同样的情况。美国政府曾说，在平息抗议的过程中使用了过度的力量，政府将就此采取行动。但是埃塞俄比亚也是美国在该区域的关键合作伙伴，合作的目的是为非洲角带去稳定、法律和秩序。不过这也被许多人看作是专制。
马丁：奥菲比亚，最后一个问题，你知道实施国家紧急状态的细节情况吗？
奎斯特·阿克顿：埃塞俄比亚总理海尔马里亚姆·德萨莱尼表示，此举的目的是保护公民的生命和财产，不过财产已经遭受损失了。而且外资企业也遭遇了袭击。国家紧急状态即刻实施。
马丁：以上是NPR新闻的奥菲比亚·奎斯特·阿克顿带来的报道。她刚刚从津巴布韦哈拉雷和我们进行了连线。奥菲比亚，非常谢谢你。
奎斯特·阿克顿：不客气。谢谢，米歇尔。