CRI English Unit 13:Banking English 银行英语

Part 1 Something About the Bank 银行相关背景知识 

    随着国际间政治、经济、文化等各个领域交流的不断扩大，国内改革开放政策的日益深入，银行在人们的日常生活中作用越来越大。不管是在国内还是在国外，同银行打交道已经成为人们生活中司空见惯的事。

    西方国家的银行体系非常发达，其数量之多，效率之高，服务范围之广，无不让人感到现代文明带给人们的种种方便和优越。电脑已运用于各项银行业务，储户可在全国各地同一银行支行办理各项业务。而且所有的银行都设有自动存取机，就是auto-bank，设在银行门口，各个街区的主要大街，地铁站，超市旁。如果你外出不方便携带大笔款项，只需将你的存折或银行信用卡随身带上，就能随时随地存取现款了。这样既方便又安全。

    先来了解一下国外银行的一些业务常识。首先，去银行之前，先要了解银行的营业时间。英美银行一般在早上9：30开始营业，下午4点关门。每周五天工作制，周六周日休息。到了银行，先填存款或取款单。不管有几个人，都要自觉排队。在别人存款或取款时，你必须站在离他一两米远的地方等后，千万不要围在窗口或别人身旁。听到营业员叫时，再过去办理业务。如：I'd like to withdraw $300 from my account. 我想取300元钱。或者I want to deposit $ 200 in my account. 我想存200美元。如果你想在这家银行开户，就可以这样说：May I open an account here, please? 我想开户。营业员就会问：What type of account? 开哪一类的账户？

    英美银行业务又很多种，如：活期存款账户，就是：checking account；定期账户，temp3/fixed deposit 等等。在国外短期居留的人一般来说办一个储蓄帐户就行了。这种账户既方便、安全又实惠，因为能获得一定的利息收入，其他形式的账户一般没有利息，而且每当你开出一张支票，银行还要扣你的服务费，也就是service charge. 储蓄帐户又两种主要形式，一种是(daily interest) savings account /current account. 相当于我国的活期储蓄，可以随时支取，而且有利息。另一种是premium savings account或temp3 (fixed) deposit, 相当于我国的定期储蓄，利息是最高的。

    还有一点就是在办理开户手续时，营业员一定会让你留下亲笔签名，signature，这是今后核对的重要依据，所以签名最好是信手写来，不要一笔一划，以防被别人模仿，给自己造成经济损失。

    办完开户手续后，一般来说定期储蓄当场就可拿到存单。活期储蓄一般先给一本临时存折，过一两周后就会收到银行寄给你的塑料卡，这张卡上用钢印打有你的名字和账号，你就可以用它办理你的存取款业务了。为了安全起见，你应该记住你的存折密码，然后将其销毁，以防不测。

Useful Words and Phrases:

current deposit, current account 活期存款
fixed deposit, fixed account 定期存款
fixed deposit by installments 零存整取
joint account 联名存款帐户
to open an account 开户头
to close an account, to clear an account 结清
to draw money 取款
drawing-out slip 取款单
the number slip 号码牌
a withdrawal fomp3 取款单
to fill in the receipt in duplicate 一式两份填这张收据
teller, cashier 出纳员
buying rate 买进价格
selling rate 卖出价格
exchange table, conversion table 汇兑换算表
foreign exchange 外汇
exchange rate 外汇率
conversion rate 折合率
foreign exchange restriction 外汇限额
foreign exchange quotations 外汇行情
to check the rate for sb. 查牌价
currency, money 货币
money changing 兑换货币
an exchange fomp3 兑换单
bank note 钞票
note of large denomination 大票
note of small denomination 小票
small change 零钱
subsidiary money 辅币
nickel piece 镍币
plastic currency notes 塑料钞票
convertible money 可兑换（黄金）纸币
interest rate 利率
simple interest 单利
compound interest 复利
legal interest 法定利息
prime rate 优待利率
payable interest 应付利息
lending rate 贷款利率
usury 高利贷
the subsidy rate for value-preserved savings 保值储蓄补贴率
account number 帐目编号
depositor 存户
pay-in slip 存款单
a deposit fomp3 存款单
a banding machine 自动存取机
to deposit 存款
deposit receipt 存款收据
private deposits 私人存款
certificate of deposit 存单
deposit book, passbook 存折
credit card 信用卡
principal 本金
overdraft, overdraw 透支
to counter sign 双签
to endorse 背书
endorser 背书人
to cash 兑现
to honor a cheque 兑付
to dishonor a cheque 拒付
to suspend payment 止付
cheque,check 支票
cheque book 支票本
order cheque 记名支票
bearer cheque 不记名支票
crossed cheque 横线支票
blank cheque 空白支票
rubber cheque 空头支票
cheque stub, counterfoil 票根
cash cheque 现金支票
traveler's cheque 旅行支票
cheque for transfer 转帐支票
outstanding cheque 未付支票
canceled cheque 已付支票
forged cheque 伪支票
Bandar's note 庄票，银票
banker 银行家
president 行长
savings bank 储蓄银行
Chase Bank 大通银行
National City Bank of New York 花旗银行
Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行
Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行
Banque de I'IndoChine 东方汇理银行
central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行
bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行
commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行
member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行
discount bank 贴现银行
exchange bank 汇兑银行
requesting bank 委托开证银行
issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行
advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行
negotiation bank 议付银行
confimp3ing bank 保兑银行
paying bank 付款银行
associate banker of collection 代收银行
consigned banker of collection 委托银行
clearing bank 清算银行
local bank 本地银行
domestic bank 国内银行
overseas bank 国外银行
unincorporated bank 钱庄
branch bank 银行分行
trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行
trust institution 银行的信托部
credit department 银行的信用部
neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所
credit union 合作银行
credit bureau 商业兴信所
self-service bank 无人银行
land bank 土地银行
construction bank 建设银行
industrial and commercial bank 工商银行
bank of communications 交通银行
mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行
post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行
mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行
industrial bank 实业银行
home loan bank 家宅贷款银行
reserve bank 准备银行
chartered bank 特许银行
corresponding bank 往来银行
merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行
investment bank 投资银行
import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行
joint venture bank 合资银行
credit cooperatives 信用社
clearing house 票据交换所 。

Part 2 Open An Account 开设银行账户 

Dialogue Script 1 对话原文 1

Peter: Hi, Jenny. You look kind of worried. What's the matter?
Jenny: Oh, so good to see you! I just got my first scholarship payment.
Peter: That's great.
Jenny: Yes, but instead of cash, I got a check. I don't know what to do with it. I can't buy anything with a check, can I?
Peter: No, you can't. First, you need to deposit the check in a bank, then pay your bills by check and get some cash with your ATM card.
Jenny: But I don't have either check or an ATM card. It's so inconvenient!
Peter: It isn't. Everything is managed by a computer network. If you open an account in a local bank, you can deposit or get money from any ATM all over the city or the country; or even around the world, for that matter. We have three or four ATM machines right here on the campus. You can even get free software from the bank and pay your bills online. So it's actually very convenient.
Jenny: I really appreciate the infomp3ation. I'll go to open an account right now.
Peter: Don't forget to take your social security card. You do have one, don't you?
Jenny: Yes, I do. As soon as I arrived in the States, a friend helped me apply for one from the social security office, but I never knew what it was for.
Peter: It's for identification. When you picked up your paycheck, didn't they ask for your social security number?
Jenny: Oh, yes, they did. But I couldn't remember the number so I had to fish around in my bag to find the card.
Peter: Well, I'd learn the number by heart if I were you. You'll need it pretty soon.
Jenny: OK, I see.
Peter: Good luck at the bank. See you later.
Jenny: Thanks for your help, bye.

讲解：

1. 在这段对话中，Peter建议Jenny去银行开一个账户，这样用起钱来会比较方便。Peter见Jenny心事重重的，问她怎么回事，Jenny说I just got my first scholarship payment. 我刚拿到我的第一笔奖学金。scholarship, 是指奖学金。领到了奖学金，为什么还会心事重重呢？

2. 因为Jenny收到的是一张支票，而不是现金。支票是check, 现金是cash, 是一个统称。其中还包括bills 或notes, 指钞票，纸币。coins指硬币。例如：Excuse me, but I've no cash on me. Can I pay by check? 对不起，我身边没带现钱，能不能用支票支付？cash这个词不仅可以做名词，还可以做动词，表示“兑换或兑现，把…换成现款”，例如：I'd like to cash this check. 我想兑现这张支票。就是把支票上的数目兑换成现金。

3. 这样的支票是不能用来直接买东西的，Jenny就不知道怎么办了，I don't know what to do with it. What to do with something和 how to deal with something都表示“如何处理某事”，但是动词一个用的是do,一个用的是deal, 大家要注意区分了。

4. Peter 告诉Jenny说要先把支票存在银行里，然后用支票付账或用自动提款卡提取现金。deposit，储蓄，存放。例如：She deposited her money in the bank. 她把钱存在银行里。 那取款就是withdraw，例如：He withdrew $500 from his bank account yesterday. 他昨天从银行账户里提了500美金。

5. ATM card, 自动提款机卡，ATM 是自动提款机，也就是automatic teller machine的开头字母缩写。teller, 就是在银行窗口工作的营业员。Jenny既没有支票也没有自动提款机卡，因为她觉得这两样东西都不是很方便。但是Peter却不这样认为，因为只要在一个银行开了户，就可以在全市、全国甚至全世界的联网支行里存取款。open an account, 就是开户，close an account, 就是销户。

6. 甚至还可以从银行那里得到免费的软件在网上付款。实际上真的是很方便。Peter还提醒Jenny开户不要忘了带社会保险卡，social security card，在美国就相当于身份证，经常要用到。social security number, 社会保险号码，就像我们的身份证号码，可能随时要用到，所以应该记住。但是Jenny总是记不住，每次用的时候都要在兜子里翻半天才能找到，在…翻东西，这里用的是fish around这个词组。例如：He was fishing around his pocket for the keys. 他在兜里翻来翻去找钥匙。

7. Peter劝Jenny一定要把社会保险号码牢牢记住，learn something by heart, 把…记在心里，牢牢记住。You'll need it pretty soon. 你马上就要用到它。这里的pretty，不是一个形容词，而是一个副词，是“非常”的意思，跟so 差不多。。

Dialogue Script 2 对话原文 2

Teller: Can I help you?
Sam: Yes. I'd like to open an account, please.
Teller: What sort of account did you have in mind?
Sam: I need a checking account to pay my bills. Can you tell me how it works?
Teller: Sure. You get a paycheck or a scholarship check made out to you, with the amount due to you, say $ 2,500. You sign your name on the back of the check, mark it "for deposit only"---so no one can cash the check if you lose it---and deposit in your account. You can do that either by mail, or here in the bank with a deposit slip during bank hours, or at any ATM machine twenty-four hours a day.
Sam: That sounds easy. Then what?
Teller: Then you send a check to your landlord for the rent, to the gas and electricity and phone and cable TV companies---whatever. Companies generally include return envelopes with their bills, so you put in your check, stamp the envelope, and drop it in the mail.
Sam: I'm with you so far.
Teller: Be sure to keep a record of your checks you write in this check register, then add up your checks and deduct the amount from our account balance. Make sure you have more money in your account than needed for the checks your write, in case there are any fees.
Sam: What happens if I make a mistake.
Teller: It's very expensive to bounce a check. You'll be charged by the bank and again by the person or company to whom you gave the bad check.
Sam: I see.
Teller: If you have access to a computer, you can pay most of your bills online instead of by mail with software we provide to you for free.
Sam: Is it very complicated?
Teller: Not at all. I'll show you later how it works. First fill out these fomp3s, print your name and social security number here, and here, and sign your name here, and here, and we'll be all set.