人工智能如何深度伪造？(上)

As technology grows more sophisticated, so does the potential for deception.

随着技术越来越复杂，受骗的可能性也越来越大。

Last month, images went viral purporting to show police arresting Donald Trump and the former president in an Orange prisoner's jumpsuit.

上个月，据称警方逮捕唐纳德·特朗普的照片在网上疯传，照片中，这位前总统身穿橙色囚犯连体裤。

But they were fakes -- Trump hadn't even been indicted yet.

但这些都是假照片--特朗普甚至还没有被起诉。

There have been lots of other so-called deepfakes on social media, including an image supposedly showing pope Francis wearing a stylish puffy jacket.

社交媒体上还有很多其他的深度伪造图片，包括一张据称是教皇方济各的照片，照片中，他身着时髦泡芙羽绒衣。

William Brangham spoke with Jack Stubbs, the vice president of intelligence at Graphika, a research firm that studies online disinformation.

威廉·布兰汉姆采访了调查网络虚假信息的研究公司Graphika的情报副总裁杰克·斯塔布斯。

Jack Stubbs, thank you so much for being here.

杰克·斯塔布斯，非常感谢你参加我们的节目。

Before we get into the weeds of this, can you just start with a clear definition of what a deep fake actually is?

在我们开始讨论这个问题之前，你能不能先给出一个关于什么是深度伪造的明确定义？

It's a good question, and it's one that probably a lot more people are asking themselves than they were a few months ago.

好问题，与几个月前相比，可能有更多的人在问这个问题。

Deep fake is often the word used to describe a piece of media content that is being created by artificial intelligence.

深度伪造这个词通常是用来描述人工智能正在创造一条媒体内容。

And typically you would use the -- use deep fake to refer to AI generated media content that is also misleading. So portraying something that hasn't happened.

一般来说，你会使用深度伪造来指代人工智能生成的具有误导性的媒体内容。可以描述一些未发生的事件。

So I showed some of those examples of deep fakes that we've seen circulating recently.

所以我展示了一些我们最近流传的深度伪造的例子。

How else are deep fakes being used today?

如今，还能如何使用深度伪造？

I mean, we see this type of technology being used across the board and a lot of it has a very legitimate use case.

我是说，我们看到这类技术被广泛应用，其中很多都是合法用例。

You know, some fantastic pieces of art, for example, have been created using this technology.

例如，一些天马行空的艺术品就是用这种技术创造出来的。

But unfortunately, you know, as with anything, people will use it for good things also people out there will use it for less good things and some that are outright bad.

但不幸的是，就像任何东西一样，人们会将这项技术用在好事上，也会把它用在不太好的事上，还有一些是绝对的坏事。

We study and kind of analyze a whole host of different harmful online behaviors from , politically motivated influence operations by foreign nations to coordinated harassment campaigns.

我们研究并分析了一系列不同的网络危害行为--从外国施加的出于政治动机的影响到协同骚扰活动。

And what we're seeing is that this technology is kind of having an impact across all those different arenas.

我们所看到的是，这项技术正在对所有这些不同的领域产生影响。

And how easy is this technology to use?

这项技术使用起来有多容易？

I mean, I think people who are familiar with old school sort of photoshop, and creating those images required a certain level of technical know-how.

我想熟悉老式PS的人，创建深度伪造图像需要一定程度的技术诀窍。

Is this technology similarly difficult to master?

这项技术同样很难掌握吗？

Well, that's one of the things that's really interesting and that's probably how much stuff has changed over the last six months.

嗯，这是非常有趣的事情，这可能就是过去六个月里发生的巨大变化。

So this type of technology using computers to create images or video, it's been around for a long time, right?

这种使用计算机创建图像或视频的技术，已经存在了很长一段时间，对吗？

I mean, special effects have existed in the movies for decades, and they've got increasingly good.

特效在电影中已经存在了几十年，而且发展越来越好。

The what we're seeing now is that the sophistication of the technology is increasing, but at the same time, it's becoming more accessible.

我们现在看到的是，这项技术的复杂性正在增加，但同时，这项技术也变得更容易获取。

So the majority of these tools are now available for anyone to use on the internet for just a handful of dollars and a subscription fee.

只需几美元订阅费，任何人都可以在互联网上使用这类型的大部分工具。

And that means more people can do it and the stuff they're able to do with it, there's a wider variety of outputs.

这意味着更多的人能做，他们能够用这项技术来做，会有各式各样的输出。