不睡觉也能形成新记忆(下)

However, the kind of memories formed during sleep and during wake, they differ.

但是，睡觉时和清醒时形成的记忆类型是不同的。

In our study we could at least disentangle two very different kinds of memories:

在我们的研究中，我们至少可以理出两种截然不同的记忆：

On the one side, memories which are for recognition of an object independent of context, and on the other hand, those memories which are context and space dependent.

一种记忆是用于识别独立于环境背景的对象，另一种记忆则是依赖于环境和空间。

So, rats who stayed awake were actually better at remembering the original object than their fully rested counterparts–but only when the item was presented in a new location.

因此，保持清醒的老鼠实际上比好好休息的老鼠对原始物体的记忆表现更好，但前提是物体出现在了新的位置上。

Rats who’d gotten some shut-eye after their initial study sesh seemed thrown by the change in venue and showed no signs of recognizing the familiar objects when they appeared out of context.

在最初的学习过程中得到充足睡眠的老鼠似乎会对场地的变化感到在意，当脱离环境背景时，它们没有表现出认出了熟悉物体的迹象。

That suggests their memories were context-dependent, whereas for the rats who skipped the nap, context didn’t matter.

这表明它们的记忆依赖于环境，而对于没有打盹儿的老鼠来说，环境背景并不重要。

In life, of course, wake is always followed by sleep…

当然，在生活中，清醒之后总是会睡觉.....

So Born says the two paths to memory consolidation most likely complement each other with sleep putting waking memories in their proper place.

博恩表示，这两种巩固记忆的途径很可能是相辅相成的，睡眠会将清醒时的记忆放在适当的位置。

So the wake state may, for example, serve to enhance the different events experienced during the wake phase, keep it in your memory, until you go into the sleep phase.

因此，例如，清醒状态可能有助于增强在清醒阶段经历的不同事件，将其保存在记忆中，直到你进入睡眠阶段。

And the sleep phase, puts these objects, these events--into the right context and in this way enhances a full blown episodic memory.

而睡眠阶段会将这些对象和事件置于正确的环境背景中，从而增强完整的情景记忆。

Now, as to whether you might want to avoid dozing after you cram for an exam…

你如果在想能不能在刷题备考之后避免不入睡......

I wouldn’t recommend this.

我不推荐这么做。

Of course, rats aren’t people. And people aren’t rats. So it’s not really a fair question.

当然，老鼠不是人，人也不是老鼠，所以这个问题并不那么可推衍。

I think it is a little too early to infer based on our results what students should do to be optimally prepared for an exam.

我认为现在根据我们的研究成果推断出最佳的备考方法还为时过早。

Nevertheless, Born does come down on the side of sleep.

不过博恩个人更偏向于好好睡觉。

I’m still convinced, although we cannot infer this from our studies, I’m still convinced that sleep leads to the more effective, overall more effective, type of memory formation.

尽管我们无法从这项研究中推断出这一点，但我仍然相信睡眠会导致总体上更有效的记忆形成方式。

Plus, sleep gives your brain a chance to rest.

再说了，睡眠会让你的大脑有机会休息。

When you are not fully rested, it is in general more difficult to retrieve any kind of memory in comparison when you are fully rested.

当你没有得到充分的休息时，一般来说，你会比得到充分休息时更难找回任何形式的记忆。

And the findings suggest that 40 winks should help you remember not just the who, what, and when, but also the wherefore.

研究结果还表明，眨眼40次应该不仅可以有助于你记住时间、人物和事件，还可以帮你记住其中的缘由。

For Scientific American’s 60-Second Science, I’m Karen Hopkin.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是凯伦·霍普金。