颠覆认知：乌龟其实很话唠(中)

That was Gabriel Jorgewich-Cohen, a researcher at the University of Zurich and study co-author.

这是加布里埃尔·乔格维奇-科恩，他是苏黎世大学的一名研究员，也是这项研究的合著者。

By the way, the pets he’s talking about are giant Amazon River turtles, more commonly known as red-eared slider turtles in the U.S.

顺便提一下，他说的宠物是亚马逊河巨型龟，在美国更常见的名字是巴西红耳龟。

This is the only species known to have post-hatch parental care among all turtles, which is pretty amazing.

这是所有海龟中已知的唯一一种孵化后会抚育后代的物种，这非常令人惊讶。

And they discovered this by recording the sounds of the animal—not only this species but also sea turtles, for example.

他们通过记录这种动物的声音发现了这一点——不仅是巴西红耳龟，还有海龟也是这样。

When they are in the nest, the hatchlings start vocalizing from within the egg to synchronize hatch.

当还在洞穴中时，为同步孵化其他幼龟，刚孵化的幼龟会在壳内开始发声。

And also when they come out altogether, they individually have less chance of being eaten by another animal.

当幼龟一起出来时，它们单独被另一种动物吃掉的机会也更小。

And in the case of the Amazon River turtle, when they go to the water, the females are there, waiting for them, and they are also vocalizing.

以亚马逊河龟为例，当公海龟下水时，母海龟就在那里等着它们，而且也会发声。

And they find each other, and then they migrate together up the river to the forest.

它们找到了彼此，然后一起沿着河流迁徙到森林里。

A previous study published in 2020 by researchers at the University of Arizona concluded that only two of 14 families of turtles vocalized.

亚利桑那大学的研究人员在2020年发表的一项研究中得出结论——14个龟科中只有两个能发声。

It also stated that acoustic communication evolved independently in most major tetrapod groups, with origins in the range of 100 million to 200 million years ago.

研究还指出，在主要的四足动物种群中，声音交流进化彼此独立，起源于一亿至两亿年前。

But now we know that’s not the case.

但现在我们知道事实并非如此。

I was very surprised—happily surprised—when I found so many different types of sounds.

当我发现这么多不同类型的声音时，我感到非常惊讶——非常惊喜。

And I kept recording more and more animals.

我一直在给越来越多的动物录音。

And every animal I recorded made sounds; I had no negative results whatsoever. And that was surprising by itself.

我录下的每一种动物都会发声; 我没有得到任何否定结果(不会发声)。这本身就很令人惊讶。

Jorgewich-Cohen recorded hundreds of hours’ worth of footage over two years—not just of turtles but also of lungfish, tuatara and other creatures.

乔格维奇-科恩在两年多的时间里记录了数百个小时的镜头——不仅仅是海龟，还有肺鱼、大蜥蜴和其他生物。

Animals typically produce sounds for many reasons: to define territory, to attract a mate or to communicate with their young ones. It’s a useful skill.

动物通常会发出声音，出于诸多原因：为了划定领地，吸引配偶或与幼崽交流。这是一项有用的技能。

Actually, I found that for many turtle species, there are sounds that are only made by males, there are some that are only made by females, and some only by juveniles, and some that males will only make when they are in front of the female.

我发现，对于不同种类的海龟来说，有些声音只会由公海龟发出，有些声音只会由母海龟发出，有些声音只会由幼龟发出，而有些则是公海龟在母海龟面前才会发出的声音。