探索切尔西草药园的剧毒植物(中)

The garden was founded in 1673 on what used to be a kind of market garden part of Chelsea.这座草药园建于1673年，原来是切尔西的一个商品果蔬园。At this time, this area of London was like the suburbs; it wasn’t central London at all. 当时伦敦的这个地区是郊区；而且那里根本不是伦敦市中心。The garden was originally founded by the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries.这座草药园最初是由药剂师协会(Worshipful Society of Apothecaries)建立的。For them to learn their craft, they needed to be able to recognize plants, know where to collect them, how to collect them, make sure they’re not getting the poisonous bits—not belladonna, in the wrong amounts, that sort of thing.为了让学徒学会药剂师的手艺，学徒需要能辨认草药，知道采集草药的地点、方法，确保没有采集到像莨菪这样的毒草药，避免剂量不对。That’s Jonathan Holliday, master of the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries. 这是乔纳森·霍利迪，他是药剂师协会的会长。So it was really important that people have that plant knowledge of what they were using.让人们了解他们所使用的植物非常重要。Next Frances shows me the poisonous plant henbane, paired with a cautionary tale of four children who accidentally ate henbane instead of hazelnuts—putting them to sleep for two days and nights. 接下来，弗朗西丝向我展示了有毒的草药莨菪，并为我讲述了一个与之相关的警世故事：四个孩子将莨菪错认为榛子，并误食了莨菪，结果他们睡了两天两夜。Then we see a plant called giant hogweed. 随后我们看到一种叫做大豕草的植物。There are signs warning that even touching it can cause the skin to blister when exposed to the sun.有一些症状提醒人们，即便只是接触到大豕草也会导致皮肤在阳光下起水泡。The Worshipful Society of Apothecaries was given a lease on the garden in 1722 from Sir Hans Sloane, who did his medical training in it. 1722年，药剂师协会从汉斯·斯隆爵士(他在切尔西草药园接受了医学培训)那里租借了这座草药园。The apothecaries’ rent was just 5 pounds per year, with the promise to provide the Royal Society with plants. And ...药剂师租借这座草药园每年只需付5英镑，他们承诺为皇家学会提供草药。The other requisite was that this land would only be used as a garden for medicinal purposes for teaching.另一个条件则是，这块土地只能作为医药教学植物园使用。Over time, the garden was taken over by the City Parochial Foundation.随着时间的推移，这座草药园被城市教区基金会接管。And then it became an independent charity in the 1980s—when it opened to the public for the first time.在20世纪80年代，该园第一次向公众开放，成为一个独立的慈善机构。Over the years, it’s had some notable visitors, such as ...多年来，该园接待了一些著名的游客，比如……Agatha Christie, who is a famous crime writer. 阿加莎·克里斯蒂，她是著名的犯罪小说作家。She studied with the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries and took their exams.她曾在药剂师协会学习，还参加过他们的考试。Christie lived nearby in Chelsea and was a frequent visitor to the garden.克里斯蒂住在切尔西附近，是这座草药园的常客。In 1917 she passed what was called the Assistants’ Examination, or a test to be what we might call a pharmacy technician today. 1917年，她通过了被称为“助理考试”的测验，也就是我们今天所说的助理药剂师的考试。With these credentials, she could give out medicine during World War I and World War II.凭借这些证书，她可以在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间分发药物。It gave her a huge amount of plant knowledge and kinda how to correctly dose things.这让她掌握了大量的草药知识，以及懂得了如何正确地给药。And for Christie’s novels, it provided an intimate knowledge of poisons.这也为克里斯蒂的小说提供了关于毒药的详尽知识。In her books, she writes about plant poisons, more than any other author, really, at that time, writing crime stories, so yeah….在她的书中，她写了很多关于有毒植物的内容，比当时任何一个写犯罪故事的作家都多......The garden also hosts hundreds of plants that our modern medicines are derived from. 另外，这座草药园包含了数百种植物，我们的现代药物都提取自这些植物。And it demonstrates the lesson that many plants that can be a poison at a higher dose, can be a treatment at a lower one. 而且，这还表明，很多植物如果剂量较高便有毒，如果剂量较低便具有治疗效果。