操纵气候遭到反噬?(3)

And now I've talked to people, one of them is a Navajo Nation member who's also a water policy expert.

我采访了一些人，其中一位是纳瓦霍族人，他也是一名水资源政策专家。

And he mentioned to me how he felt like he was more likely to imagine an apocalypse before the change of the Colorado River Compact.

他跟我说过他的感受，在《科罗拉多河协议》改变之前，他说有可能想象到一个末日情景。

Like, this thing is so set in stone that it's just seems totally immutable.

这份协议无法变更，似乎完全无法改变。

Beyond even just the law is also, you know, insurance is another often maladaptive reaction.

除法律政策外，保险也是一种适应不良的反应。

I've written about the crop insurance in particular, which kind of encourages farmers to repeatedly plant crops that don't produce well, whether, because in Arizona, it's because they're planting things like cotton and hay that require a lot of water, and that are drying up.

我特别写过关于农作物保险的部分。农作物保险鼓励农民反复种植产量欠佳的作物。比如，在亚利桑那州，农民种植棉花和干草等需要大量水分的作物，而这些作物因为干旱正在枯死。

But this insurance causes them, so they can still make money off of that. So they just keep doing it.

不过，这个保险让农民仍然可以从中赚钱，所以农民就一直种植这些作物。

And it keeps them from adapting has been plenty, plenty of studies that show prove that the existence of crop insurance keeps farmers from investing in other forms of adaptation that might be more sustainable down the road.

这就让农民无法适应。大量的研究表明，农作物保险的存在阻碍了农民对其他形式的适应性作物进行投资，而这些适应性作物在未来可能更具有持续性。

Right, and that you alluded to this a little earlier, but I noticed in each of the cases in your book, there was a person or people or some sort of research that sort of, at least hinted at, if not outright, very clearly showed the folly of whatever the adaptation was and how it could lead to the problems that then did happen.

对，你之前也提到过这点，不过，我注意到你书中的每个案例，都有一个或几个研究人员暗示，或不是那么直白地指出，无论适应的是什么，适应都会导致后来问题的发生，这样的适应极其愚蠢。

How could listening to those voices actually, help us avoid having maladaptations?

倾听这些声音如何帮助我们避免适应不良呢?

That's a big reason why I wrote this book.

这是我写这本书的一个重要原因。

It's not the most uplifting book and I get that.

这不是最振奋人心的书，我明白。

And I think these days solutions are popular, everybody is getting kind of tired of the doom and gloom and wants a way out. I understand that.

我认为目前的解决方案很受欢迎，每个人都有点厌倦了前景黯淡，想要一个摆脱困境的出路。我理解。

But I really wanted to arm people with the information to recognize when maladaptations are happening at home, when their towns or cities are considering risky decisions that are going to lock them in the future generations into making even worse decisions down the road.

但我真的想用信息武装人们的大脑，让他们可以辨别出什么时候家里发生了适应不良，什么时候他们的城镇正在考虑冒险的决定，而这些冒险决定会让他们的后代在未来做出更糟糕的决定。

I wanted them to be aware of when this is happening, and to be able to speak up and say, “Well, in my experience living in this place, here's how I think we should handle this.”

我希望他们能意识到何时发生了这种情况，并且能够表达出来：“根据我在这个地方生活的经验，我认为我们应该这样处理。”

Because so often the decisions are made by outsiders, outside experts who come in with what they think is the right idea of how to manage these situations, these hazards.

因为很多时候决策都是由外部人士、外部专家做出的，这些外来者带着他们认为正确的想法来管理这些危险情况。

The section the book focuses on Bangladesh, and the Ganges River Delta became, in a way, a story about colonialism.

书中关于孟加拉国的部分是重点，恒河三角洲在某种程度上成为了一个关于殖民主义的故事。

And this resistance, like the, the struggle between locals who knew their environment, and outsiders who are coming in to just extract the resources of that environment.

就像是熟悉环境的当地人与进来榨取环境资源的外来者之间的抵抗、斗争。

And what gives me hope about that one, at least in the end is that there are people there who are recognizing and giving space for these ideas that might be called indigenous knowledge, although some of the stuff that doesn't necessarily date back as long as we think about that we're here.

给我希望的是，至少在最后，那里的人们认识到要给被称为本土知识的想法提供空间，尽管一些知识不一定可以追溯到我们存在的时候。

But still, what it is, is methods of dealing with, with the Ganges River Delta, that don't involve trying to control it involved trying to just contain its rivers, but actually giving those rivers room to flood and move.

但是，解决恒河三角洲问题的方法，不是试图控制河流，而是给河流泛滥、流动的空间。