不“甜”的糖 The bitter taste of sugar

Hello I’m Rob. Welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m joined today by Neil.
大家好，我是Rob。欢迎收听六分钟英语节目，今天我的搭档是Neil。
Hello. Neil here. Excuse me I’m enjoying a bar of chocolate…
大家好，我是Neil。抱歉我正在喝咖啡
Where did you get that from?
你从哪儿买的？
In the vending machine upstairs – that’s the automatic machine with drinks and sweets – you put coins in it to release whatever you paid for.
从楼上的自动贩卖机（有零食和饮料的自动售卖机器）。把硬币投进去就可以买到啦。
Now, if it was up to some health professionals, you wouldn’t see many of those machines around anymore.
其实如果按照健康专业标准，大部分自动贩卖机都不应该出现。
What? No more machines which offer you as many sweets as you like, no questions asked?
什么？不再有无限制出售甜品的自动贩卖机？你确定？
Exactly. The World Health Organisation has recently proposed a cut in its recommendation for how much sugar we should have. They now say that it should be less than 5% of our calorie intake.
是的。世界卫生组织最近出台的指南收紧了糖摄入量。他们建议糖摄入量应该低于人体吸收卡路里总量的百分之五。
A calorie is a unit that measures how much energy you get from food, and calorie intake is how many calories we eat in a period of time – say a day, for example.
卡路里是一个热量单位，用于统计人体从食物中所获能量多少，卡路里摄入量是指一段时期，比如说一天内，人体所吸收的卡路里总量。
Yes. So this might be it for sugar for you today, Neil.
是的。所以，Neil，可能这杯咖啡就是你糖摄入量的上限。
Well, let me see… this bar of chocolate contains 215 calories! That’s quite a lot, isn’t it?
额，让我看看...这杯咖啡的卡路里是215卡，确实很多呀！
But life can be sweet even with less sugar, Neil. So today, we’re going to talk about what should be done to help us eat less sugar and you’ll learn words about food.
是啊，Neil，但是低糖饮食的生活可能更甜蜜。所以今天，我们将讨论如何进行低糖饮食，并介绍关于一些关于食物的词语。
But I like my sugar!
可是我嗜糖如命！
Many people do. So let me ask you about how much they like it. Which country has the highest sugar consumption? Is it:a) Chinab) Indiac) The United States
确实很多人也像你一样。那么问题来了，哪个国家是食用糖最多的国家呢？选项有：a) 中国b) 印度c）美国
I think it’s the United States.
我觉得应该是美国。
Okay. Well, we’ll have the answer at the end of the programme! Right, so let’s talk about sugar. Health experts are looking for ways to make us eat less of it.
好的，答案将在本期节目最后揭晓。那现在来谈一下糖，研究健康饮食的专家们正在寻找减少糖摄入量的方法。
We all know that too much sugar can cause not only obesity and diabetes but also tooth decay – this destroys the hard surface of your teeth and exposes more sensitive parts. Ouch!
众所周知，糖摄取量过高会造成肥胖、糖尿病和牙齿问题——牙齿表面不再坚固，牵动牙齿内部神经。哎呦！
Yes, it can be very painful. You might enjoy eating sweets but nobody likes toothache – that’s what we call the pain in your teeth.
是的，牙疼非常痛苦。你可能嗜糖如命，但你也肯定害怕牙疼。
Experts say we should always brush our teeth after eating sugary food.
专家说，每次吃完含糖食物都应该刷牙。
Yes. Aubrey Sheiham, Professor of Dental Public Health at University College London, goes even further.He is part of a team which is suggesting the authorities in England reduce the number of vending machines in public places. Listen to what he says. Which word does he use to describe Neil’s chocolate bar and other kinds of wrapped sweets?INSERTAubrey Sheiham, Professor of Dental Public Health at University College LondonWe shouldn’t have vending machines with confectionary and soft drinks in any publicly-funded institutions – no schools, nurseries, hospitals etc. –and also limit the amount of sugar in school meals, nurseries’ meals. That again would be a first step that one would take.
是的，来自伦敦大学学院牙科公共卫生学院的教授——Aubrey Sheiham给出了更多的建议。他还加入了一个团体，该团体要求英国当局减少公共场所的自动贩卖机。一起听听他的建议吧。看看他是如何表述Neil的巧克力块和其他糖果的呢？Aubrey Sheiham，伦敦大学学院公共卫生学院的教授我们不应该在公共场所，诸如学校、幼儿园、医院等地开设贩卖糖果和饮料的自动贩卖机。同时我们应该降低学校食堂和幼儿园食堂的食用糖上限。这只是我们能做的第一步。
He mentions ’confectionary’, meaning chocolate and sweet snacks, which can be bought from vending machines, along with soft drinks –which are cold sweet drinks that are not alcoholic.
他提到了confectionary（糖食），指的是巧克力、甜品零食和软饮，这些通常我们可以在自动售货机买到。软饮即不含酒精的含糖饮料。
The professor doesn’t want these machines in state schools or hospitals. And he also wants meals served to children in schools to have less sugar.
这位教授不希望在学校或者医院看到自动贩卖机。同时他希望学校食堂能够减少食用糖。
He’s got a point there. We get used to sugar in childhood. And it seems that the more sugar we eat, the more we want. But if we get used to eating things which are less sweet, after a while when we eat something very sweet, it doesn’t taste so good. Do you understand what I mean?
他很犀利的抓住了问题的关键！我们都是从孩童时期爱上吃糖的。而且是越吃就越想吃。然而如果我们习惯了不怎么甜的食物，再吃非常甜的食品就会觉得太甜了。你懂我的意思么？
Yes, I do. It’s a matter of habit. We don’t need so much sugar to enjoy the sweet taste. But the professor says there’s another way of encouraging us to eat less sugar. Aubrey Sheiham talks about tax on sugar. France has already adopted a sugar tax. Where’s the money being spent? Let’s listen.INSERTAubrey Sheiham, Professor of Dental Public Health at University College LondonYou’ve got a lot of public support in France where the consumption of sugar has gone down considerably. And, what is good about what the French have done is that tax that has gone on sugar is being spent in the health service. This is a way that you could actually use that money from the sugar tax and spend it on improving health care and dental care.He says it’s being spent on the health service. This is the doctors’ surgeries and hospitals financed with public money – money paid to a government in the form of taxes.
懂的，吃糖只是饮食习惯。尝到甜食并不需要食物有太多的糖分。这位教授还讲了其他降低糖摄入量的办法呢。Aubrey Sheiham提到了征收糖税——法国已经开始实行。怎么征收呢？一起来听听。Aubrey Sheiham，伦敦大学学院公共卫生学院的教授在法国，公众支持下，耗糖量已经得到大幅下降。并且非常值得称赞的是，征收的糖税被用于医疗服务。这里讲的是征收来的糖税可以用于维护公共健康和牙科治疗。他说道，糖税被用于医疗服务上。这指的是诊所和医院将获得政府的财政拨款，而拨款来自于政府的税收所得。
Oh, so chocolate might become more expensive! Not so good for me because I have a sweet tooth…
这样的话，巧克力价格会上涨！对我来说这是个坏消息，毕竟我嗜糖如命。
Ah a sweet tooth, yeah, like me – a strong preference for sweet food. Well, people with a sweet tooth should be careful or they might end up with toothache.
嗜糖如命指的是像我这样，特别热爱甜食。好吧，爱吃甜食的人要注意啦，不然可能会牙疼。
I care a lot about my teeth.
我很在意我的牙齿健康的。
Good on you. You’ve got a fine set of gnashers there. Okay, let’s go back to our quiz. I asked you which country has the highest sugar consumption. The options were: China, India and the United States.
这是个好习惯，你牙口很好。好的，我们回到节目开始的问题，我问过你哪个国家是食用糖最多的国家。选项有：中国，印度，美国。
And I said the United States.
我选的是美国。
And Neil, you are wrong. The correct answer is actually India. According to a report issued by the US Department of Agriculture in 2012, India was the country with the highest consumption of sugar. Then we had China and the country in this list which ate the least amount of sugar is the United States. These countries are also amongst the largest producers of sugar. Okay. Well, now our time is up. Thanks, Neil. That is it for today. Why not go to bbclearningenglish.com to hear more 6 Minute English. Bye for now!
你答错咯。正确答案是印度。一份来自美国农业部2012年的报告称，印度是糖消耗量最多的国家。在这份名单上，中国也名列其中，而美国排在最后。同时，这些国家也是糖产量最多的国家。好的，今天就到这儿。谢谢Neil。今天就到这里了。大家可以通过BBC英语学习频道收听往期节目，再见！
Bye!
再见！