电子烟的前世今生 Cigarettes v e-cigarettes

Hello I’m Rob. Welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m joined today by Finn.
大家好，我是Rob。欢迎收听六分钟英语节目，今天我的搭档是Finn。
Hello,Rob.
你好，Rob。
Today we are going to talk about electronic cigarettes – also called e-cigarettes –and teach you words that will help you to discuss the subject or understand news about it.Do you smoke, Finn?
今天我们来谈谈电子烟，同时教给你表述或理解电子烟相关新闻的单词。你吸烟么，Finn？
No. And sometimes the smoke from other people’s cigarettes makes me cough .Just thinking about it makes me want to cough.
我不吸烟，不过常常被别人的烟味呛到。就是这种被呛到，你懂的。
It’s because you are a secondary smoker – in other words,you’re someone who doesn’t smoke but breathes in the smoke from someone else’s cigarette. And this smoke is very harmful to your health. So, here is today’s question, Finn.
这是因为你在抽二手烟，也就是不吸烟的人被迫呼吸到吸烟者的烟雾。而这种二手烟会危害到你的健康。这就是咱们今天的话题，Finn。
OK, go ahead.
好的，然后呢？
According to the World Health Organisation, there are more than 4,000 chemicals in cigarette smoke.
根据世界卫生组织的一项调查，香烟中还有的化学物质超过四千种。
How many of these are known to be harmful to our health? Is it at least:a) 50b) 150c) 250
其中多少种成分是会危害到人们健康的呢？ 有以下几个选项：a） 50种b) 150种c） 250种
Mm … Let me think.
嗯，让我猜猜。
You’ll get the answer at the end of the programme.
答案将在本期节目最后揭晓。
Some estimates say more than a million people are using e-cigarettes just in the UK.But these devices might not be very safe for secondary smokers …
调查显示，在英国，使用电子烟的烟民多达100万人。但是电子烟的二手烟仍然是有危害的。
Really? I thought they were okay because they produce vapour rather than the smoke full of harmful chemicals you get in ordinary cigarettes.
啊？我还以为电子烟呼出的都是蒸汽，与传统香烟全是化学物质的烟雾不同。
Well, the World Health Organisation is not convinced e-cigarettes are any safer to secondary smokers.It has recommended a ban on the use of electronic cigarettes indoors and their sale to people under 18 years old.
世界卫生组织表示，电子烟并不比传统香烟安全。世界卫生组织还颁布禁令，要求室内不得使用电子烟，并且不得将电子烟出售给未成年人。
A ban? In other words, they don’t want them to be permitted indoors anymore?I know that e-cigarettes work by heating liquid nicotine – this is the substance in tobacco which makes it addictive. It turns into vapour which is inhaled by the smoker. I thought because it was just vapour, it was okay for non-smokers!
禁令？也就是说，室内禁止吸电子烟么？电子烟是通过加热液体尼古丁工作的，而尼古丁正是导致烟民烟瘾的关键。加热后尼古丁转化为能被吸入的蒸汽。我以为只是蒸汽的话，对周围人不会造成影响。
It’s vapour with some chemicals in it.And experts fear it could have similar effects to the smoke produced by ordinary cigarettes. Listen to what Professor John Ashton has to say. He’s from the Faculty of Public Health here in the UK.Which words does he use to describe the use of e-cigarettes for an extended period of time?
这种蒸汽其实也是含有化学物质的。专家担心，这种电子烟产生的蒸汽与传统香烟的烟雾效果上相差无几。来听听John Ashton教授怎么说的吧。他来自英国的公共健康学院。注意，他是使用哪个单词来表述电子烟疯狂流行？
【Professor John Ashton, from the Faculty of Public Health in the UK】There are scientists in America who’ve been studying second-hand effects of tobacco smoke who are raising these issues now about the e-cigarettes. And we really can’t allow these things to get established before we know what the long-term effects are going to be.
John Ashton教授，来自英国公共健康学院。如今，研究烟草二手烟的美国科学家提出了关于电子烟二手烟的相关问题。然而在了解到二手烟长远效果之前我们无法真正搞清楚问题根源。
He talks about long-term effects. He means that the constant use of e-cigarettes for an extended period of time might cause harm which we are not aware of yet.
他提到了长远效果。他意思是，我们无法预知电子烟的长期使用和流行会造成何种后果。
You can’t light up a cigarette in a pub or bar anymore. It was the effect of people’s cigarette smoke on other staff that led to the ban on ordinary cigarettes in Britain.Private companies and the authorities are keen not to risk bringing back any kind of smoking to closed spaces in public places.
也许你以后不能在酒吧吸烟了。因为二手烟的广泛危害，如今英国有传统香烟的禁令。私人公司和政府都要求在公共场合的封闭区域营造无烟环境。
This is likely to annoy many smokers who have been moving to electronic cigarettes in an attempt to cut down on nicotine or even quit smoking.
这项研究可能会使一些烟民感到懊恼，他们为了戒烟或者少吸尼古丁而转而抽电子烟。
Yes, many people want to quit smoking - – stop smoking – at once. And they find it easier to do this if they can use e-cigarettes. In the last few decades smokers have been feeling persecuted.
确实，很多人，起码在一瞬间，会想要戒烟。烟民认为用电子烟来戒烟会容易的多。在近十年来，烟民一直饱受“摧残”。
Yes, there’s a lot of pressure for them to quit the habit.
是的，来自各方面的压力要求他们戒烟。
Listen to what this smoker who uses e-cigarettes has to say.He’s in a pub in Bristol. Which word does he use to talk about the harm certain things do to children?
来听听电子烟烟民怎么说的吧。他在Bristol的一家酒吧里。注意听他是如何表述某些事对于孩童的危害呢？
【Male customer, Bristol pub】We react at absolutely everything in this world. What we’ll gonna have eventually though is ’no drinking beer’ in pubs because it’s damaging for children to watch it happening.
Bristol酒吧里，一位男士我们自然地对这个世界的一切做出反应。最终我们得到的不过是酒吧里的“没有啤酒”的标识。因为它对孩子而言是有损害的。
He uses the word ’damaging’, meaning harmful. He complains that there’s an overreaction to things like cigarettes and alcohol.
他用了“damaging”这个词表示有害。他抱怨说对于烟酒，人们的反应有些过激。
Yes. An ’overreaction’ means responding to something in a way which is more forceful than required. He complained that one day the authorities might end up banning people from drinking alcohol in pubs.Pubs, as we know, are bars to which most customers go to drink alcohol.
是的，overreaction在这里表示反应过激。他还抱怨说这样下去说不定有一天政府会下令酒吧禁酒。酒吧，就是我们常去喝酒的场所。
He is using some irony here.
他这话有点讽刺。
Yes. The right to smoke or not smoke generates passionate debates. Smoking is bad for your health, but some people argue that eating junk food is bad too but it’s still available all over the place.
是的。关于吸烟与否的讨论两方争执不下。吸烟有害健康，有些人反驳道垃圾食物也有害健康，但垃圾食物仍然随处可见。
Cigarettes are addictive and it’s very difficult for people just to give them up.
吸烟很容易上瘾，一旦有烟瘾戒掉很困难。
But here are some facts which might make people think again.I told you earlier in the programme that there are more than 4,000 chemicals in cigarette smoke. And I asked you how many of these are known to be harmful to health. The options were: at least 50, 150 or 250?
这里还有一些数据值得人们三思。我在节目开始时提到过，香烟中的化学物质超过四千种。我还问你其中有害的种类是多少。选项是50种，150种，250种。
I said 250. Is it as many as that, Rob?
我猜的250种。对么？
It is as many as that.
确实如此你答对了。
Wow!
哇！
Yes, at least 250. Acording to the World Health Organisation website, it says that more than 50 chemicals in tobacco smoke are known to cause cancer. Any amount of second hand tobaco smoke is thought to be unsafe,and second hand smoke causes more that 600,000 early deaths per year. Thanks Finn. Well that’s it for this programme. Please join us soon again for 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
是的，香烟中的有害化学物质至少有250种。这项调查来自世界卫生组织。并且这其中的五十余种有致癌效果。二手烟，无论多少都是有害的，每年死于二手烟的人不少于60万。谢谢你，Finn。今天的节目就到这里。大家可以通过BBC英语学习频道收听往期节目！
Bye.
再见
Bye.
再见