你害怕人工智能吗？ Do you fear Artificial Intelligence?

Hello, I’m Rob. Welcome to 6 Minute English. With me in the studio today is Neil.
大家好我是Rob，欢迎来到BBC六分钟英文，今天我的搭档是Neil。
Hello, Rob.
你好啊，Rob。
Hello. Feeling bright today, Neil?
你好啊，今天感觉头脑伶俐么？
I am feeling quite bright and clever, yes!
是啊，我觉得今天头脑挺好很伶俐。
That’s good to hear. Well, you’ll need all your wits about you – meaning you’ll need to think very quickly in this programme because we’re talking about intelligence,or to be more accurate, Artificial Intelligence. And we’ll learn some vocabulary related to the topic so that you can have your own discussion about it. Now, Neil, you know who Professor Stephen Hawking is, right?
那不错，不过你可能需要多留个心眼，意思今天的节目里你需要多动动脑子了，因为我们今天要聊聊智慧方面的事情，或者更准确的说，今天的主题是人工智能。我们也将学习讨论这一话题时的相关的词汇与表达。现在，Neil，你知道霍金教授的对吧？
Well, of course! Yes. Many people say that he’s a genius – in other words, he is very, very intelligent. Professor Hawking is one of the most famous scientists in the world and people remember him for his brilliance and also because he communicates using a synthetic voice generated by a computer – synthetic means it’s made from something non-natural. Artificial is similar in meaning –we use it when something is man-made to look or behave like something natural.
当然，很多人说他是天才，或者说他聪明绝顶。霍金教授是世界上的著名科学家之一，人们之所以记住他是因为他太聪明了，他通过计算机合成的语音与外界交流，synthetic指的是非自然的，Artificial和它意思相近-我们用这个词来表达人造的东西看起来像是自然的。
Well, Professor Hawking has said recently that efforts to create thinking machines are a threat to our existence. A threat means something which can put us in danger. Now, can you imagine that, Neil?!
然而，霍金教授最近表示创作可思考的机器会对人类产生威胁。threat指的是会将我们置于危险之地的事物。你懂么，Neil？
Well, there’s no denying that good things can come from the creation of Artificial Intelligence. Computers which can think for themselves might be able to find solutions to problems we haven’t been able to solve. But technology is developing quickly and maybe we should consider the consequences. Some of these very clever robots are already surpassing us, Rob. To surpass means to have abilities superior to our own.
好吧，不得不承认人工智能创造出不少美好的事物。能够自己思考的计算机能够解决我们一直无法解决的问题。但是科技发展迅猛，我们也必须考虑后果。Rob，一些聪明的机器人已经超过我们了，surpass 意思是能力超过我们自己。
Yes. Maybe you can remember the headlines when a supercomputer defeated the World Chess Champion Gary Kasparov, to everybody’s astonishment. It was in 1997. What was the computer called, Neil? Was it:a) Red Menaceb) Deep Bluec) Silver Surfer
是的，你也许记住了那个头条新闻，一台超级计算机击败了世界象棋冠军Gary Kasparov。那是1997年。Neil，你还记得那台计算机叫什么吗？它叫：a）红色威胁b）深蓝c）银色冲浪者
I don’t know. I think (c) is probably not right. I think Deep Blue. That’s (b) Deep Blue.
我不知道，我觉得c）可能不对，我猜是深蓝，我选b)。
Okay. You’ll know if you got it right at the end of the programme. Well, our theme is Artificial Intelligence and when we talk about this we have to mention the movies.
好的，节目最后会揭晓答案。恩，今天我们的主题是人工智能，提到人工智能我们不得不提到电影。
Many science fiction movies have explored the idea of bad computers who want to harm us. One example is 2001: A Space Odyssey.
许多科幻电影都刻画了不良的人工智能形象，它们想危害人类。比如说2001年的一部电影，《太空漫游》。
Yes, a good film. And another is The Terminator, a movie in which actor Arnold Schwarzenegger played an android from the future. An android is a robot that looks like a human. Have you watched that one, Neil?
确实那是个好电影。另外一部是《终结者》，主演阿诺德·施瓦辛格演了一位来自未来的机器人。android指的是长得像人的机器人。你看过这个电影么，Neil？
Yes, I have. And the android is not very friendly.
我看过，但是这个机器人并不友好。
No, it’s not. In many movies and books about robots that think, the robots end up rebelling against their creators. But some experts say the risk posed by Artificial Intelligence is not that computers attack us because they hate us. Their problem is related to their efficiency.
是的，很多电影和书籍里能够思考的机器人最终都会与人类对抗。但是一些专家说，人工智能的风险并非计算机因为恨人类而攻击人来，风险来自于他们的工作效率。
What do you mean?
你什么意思呢？
Well, let’s listen to what philosopher Nick Bostrom has to say. He is the founder of the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University.He uses three words when describing what’s inside the mind of a thinking computer.This phrase means ‘to meet their objectives’. What’s the phrase he uses?
来听听哲学家Nick Bostrom怎么说。他是牛津大学未来人类研究所的创始人。他用了三个词来描述智能计算机的思考状况。还有一句短语意思是完成目标，是哪个短语呢？
【Nick Bostrom, philosopher, Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University】The bulk of the risk is not in machines being evil or hating humans but rather that they are indifferent to humans and that in pursuit of their own goals we humans would suffer as a side effect.Suppose you had a super intelligent AI whose only goal was to make as many paperclips as possible. Human bodies consist of atoms and those atoms could be used to make a lot of really nice paperclips. If you want paperclips it turns out that in the pursuit of this you would have instrumental reasons to do things that would be horrible to humanity.
【Nick Bostrom，哲学家，牛津大学未来人类研究所】智能机器人的风险并非他们憎恨人类或者伤害人类，而是他们对于人来冷漠，为了达成目标的行为可能对人类有副作用。假如你有一个超级智能机器人，他的唯一目标是尽可能多做一些回形针。因为人类的身体是由原子构成，这些原子能够制造大量好的的回形针。如果你想要回形针，很可能计算机因此做下一些对人类有害的恐怖举动。
A world in which humans become paperclips - wow, that’s scary! But the phrase which means ‘meet their objectives’ is to ‘pursue their goals’.
哦，人类成为回形针的世界！确实好吓人，表达完成目标的短语是pursue their goals。
Yes, it is. So the academic explains that if you’re a computer responsible for producing paperclips, you will pursue your objective at any cost…
是的，用学术的话语来解释，如果你的计算机负责生产回形针，你可能会成为它的原材料目标。
… and even use atoms from human bodies to turn them into paperclips! Now that’s a horror story, Rob. If Stephen Hawking is worried, I think I might be too. How can we be sure that Artificial Intelligence – be it either a device or software – will have a moral compass?
是的，可能会使用人类身体中的原子来制造回形针，想想都可怕啊，Rob。如果霍金也担心这个问题，那我觉得应该是这样的。我们怎样确定人工智能，无论是智能设备还是智能软件，能有道德指南针把关么？
Ah, a good expression - a moral compass - in other words, an understanding of what is right and what is wrong.
很好的一个表述，a moral compass道德指南针，或者说是是非对错的评判标准。
Artificial Intelligence is an interesting topic, Rob. I hope we can chat about it again in the future.But now I’m looking at the clock and we are running out of time, I’m afraid, and I’d like to know if I got the answer to the quiz question right?
人工智能这个话题确实很有趣，Rob，真希望下次还有机会聊聊这个。现在恐怕时间差不多了，该揭晓本期题目的答案了。
Well, my question was about a supercomputer which defeated the World Chess Champion Gary Kasparov in 1997.What was the machine’s name? Was it: Red Menace, Deep Blue or Silver Surfer?
是的，我的问题是1997年打败世界冠军的计算机叫什么名字？选项有：红色威胁，深蓝，还是银色冲浪者？
And I think it’s Deep Blue.
我猜答案是深蓝。
Well, it sounds like you are more intelligent than a computer because you got the answer right. Yes, it was Deep Blue. The 1997 match was actually the second one between Kasparov and Deep Blue, a supercomputer designed by the company IBM and it was specialised in chess-playing.
确实啊，你好像比机器人还是聪明一些，你猜对了答案就是深蓝。1997年的这个比赛其实是深蓝与Kasparov第二次交手，深蓝是IBM公司设计的一台专门下棋的超级计算机。
Well, I think I might challenge Deep Blue to a game obviously. I’m a bit of a genius myself.
我也想和深蓝下盘棋试试，我觉得自己也有些天分。
Very good! Good to hear! Anyway, we’ve just got time to remember some of the words and expressions that we’ve used today, Neil.
好吧，今天我们也学习了一些词汇和表达，一起回顾一下吧。
They were:
他们是
you’ll need your wits about you
你需要集中智慧
artificial
人工
genius
天才
synthetic
合成
threat
威胁
to surpass
超过
to pursue their goals
达成目标
moral compass
道德指南针
Thank you. Well, that’s it for this programme. Do visit bbclearningenglish.com to find more 6 Minute English programmes. Until next time. Goodbye!
谢谢你，今天的节目就到这里了，更多节目可以查看往期内容。再见！
Goodbye!
再见。