正文
VOA慢速英语:Broccoli and Cauliflower - Their Tops Make Good Eating
so that引导状语从句
so that既可引导目的状语从句也可引导结果状语从句。那么,在实际使用过程中如何区别它们呢?下面就语义关系和结构形式对这两种从句进行辨析说明。
(1)目的是以观念形态存在的潜在的可能性和意欲,不是事实。这一潜在的可能性或意欲的实现,则是结果。目的是主观意念,结果是客观现实。因此,从句若反映一种意欲、一种可能性,则是目的从句;若是一种事实,就是结果从句。试比较:
I'm going to take an early bus so that I'll get there in time.(purpose)我打算乘早班公共汽车,以便及时赶到那里。
I took an early bus so that I got there in time.(result)我乘了早班公共汽车,及时到了那里。
(2)目的从句表示动机(即一种可能性),并非事实,只是想要达到某个结果的意愿,因而从句中多用假定性的谓语动词。常有can,many,will,could,might,would,should等情态动词。情态动词本身并无词汇意义,只是一种虚拟用法。结果从句表示客观事实,所以用陈述语气的谓语动词,从句中常无情态动词。试比较:
We planted many shrubs so that the garden should/might look more beautiful.(purpose)我们栽了很多灌木,为了让花园看起来更美一些。
We planted many shrubs,so that the garden soon looked more beautiful.(re-sult)我们栽了很多灌木,花园里不久就好看多了。
I always write so carefully that I may make my meaning clear.(purpose)我写作总是字斟句酌,是为了让人看懂我的意思。
I always write so carefully that I make my meaning clear.(result)我写作总是字斟句酌,结果把意思讲得一清二楚。
Every precaution was taken that the plan might not fail.(purpose)已经采取了各种措施,好让计划不致遭失败。
I must be getting absent-minded that I forgot to bring my ticket.(result)我一定是心不在焉,结果票也忘了带。
注意,从句中如用情态动词could,有时会使得目的和结果的界线模糊。比如下面这个句子既可表示结果也可表示目的:
He spoke loudly so that everybody could hear him.(result or purpose)
这种情况下,只有依靠上下文来判断从句是表示结果还是目的。
有时,即使从句中用了can,could,should等,但整句的意思是明确的,因此,它仍是一个结果状语从句。请看下面三个句子:
The room was packed with people,so that we couldn't get in.房间里挤满了人,我们进不去。
It is raining,so that I cannot go out.天在下雨,我出不去了。
What have I done that you should be so angry with me?我干了些什么使你对我如此恼火?
(3)目的状语从句与主句的关系紧密,在讲话时一气呵成,而结果从句则是句子的外在因素,讲话时往往在主句和从句之间须略加停顿,书写时一般用逗号断开。试比较:
We all arrived at eight,so(that)the meeting began promptly.(result)我们都是八点到达的,结果会议马上就开始了。
We'll come at eight(so)that the meeting can begin early.(purpose)我们要八点来,以便会议能早点开始。
He violated the regulation,so he was punished.(result)他违反了规章制度,所以他受了处分。
I sent the letter airmail so he would gat it right now.(purpose)此信我航空寄发,好让他立即收到。
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