正文
VOA慢速英语:Snacking Adds to Weight Issue for Children in US
up to多达
例句:I can take up to four people in my car.
我的汽车最多能坐四个人。
add up to在这里不是连用,不能和下面这个词组混淆:
add up to总计达, 总共是
例句:The money adds up to 100.
这笔钱总计达100美元。
〈口〉等于; 意味着, 看来实际是…; 总起来说
例句:All this adds up to a new concept of the universe.
所有这些意味着对宇宙的一个新概念。
2.The study also found greater snacking on cake, cookies and other treats that past generations might have saved for after dinner.
save for为…积蓄〔储存〕…
例句:Please save my place for me while I make a telephone call.
我去打个电话, 请把我的位置留下来。
I'm saving for a new car.
我正为买新车而存钱。
节省
例句:The device will save much time and effort for us.
这种装置会使我们节省大量时间和气力。
3.He also advises parents and caregivers to provide healthy snacks like fruits and vegetables.
advise vt.劝告, 忠告; 给...出主意 通知;【商】通告advise sb. to do sth. 劝某人做某事
用法:
a.与advise相关的名词性从句中要使用虚拟语气
b.advise后直接跟动名词作宾语,也可以用在"advise sb. to sth."结构中。
【辨析】advise,counsel ,recommend ,suggest
advise是一般用语,指某人以自己的切身经验,详细全面考察一个人的处境,给某未来的行动提出有意义的良言,以免发生意外。
counsel和advise同义,较为正式,通常指有见识。有经验的人在较为重大的事情上给人以忠告。
recommend指就某种特定的选择或可能性提出积极的建议,也指应人之邀或自己主动要求提供帮助。
suggest语气较为委婉,指提出意见,但比较踌躇,而且也不竭力坚持。
4.Earlier this month Coca-Cola said it would stop selling sugary drinks in American schools unless parents requested them.
unless和If not
两者都可表示否定的条件,有时可换用。如:
Come tomorrow unless I phone [if I don’t phone]. 要是我没有打电话,明天就来。
You won’t catch the train unless you hurry [if you don’t hurry]. 你要是不赶快,你就赶不上火车了。
但是在下列情况下,通常要用 if ... not 而不用 unless:
(1)当所述条件要引出一种新的想法或情况(而不是结束已存在的想法或状态)时。如:
I’ll be angry if I’m not invited to the party. 如果不邀请我参加晚会,我会生气的。(即“不邀请我去参加晚会”会导致一种新情况——“我会生气”)
I will be surprised if he doesn’t have an accident. 他要是不出事,我倒感到奇怪了。(即“他不出事”会导致一种新情况——“我感到奇怪”)
(2)当要引出一个表示假想的(imaginary)条件句时。如:
If he weren’t so silly, he would understand. 他要不是那样傻的话,他就会明白了。(实际上他很傻)
If I hadn’t stopped her, she would have jumped down. 要不是我阻止了她,她就跳下去了。(实际上我阻止了她)
注:偶尔可见到 unless 用于假想条件句,但有不少语法家反对这一用法,建议学生不要模仿。顺便说一句,unless 有时用于引出一个补充前言的话(此时通常用破折号而不用逗号且不能用 if ... not 替换),此时若谈论的是过去的情况,注意不要与表示想象的条件句相混淆。如:
I couldn’t have got to the meeting on time — unless I had caught an earlier train. 我不可能及时赶到会场,除非我赶上了较早的一班火车。(事实是“我”没有及时到会)
若将上句中的 unless 换为 if ... not,则意思有很大差别:
I couldn’t have got to the meeting on time if I had not caught an earlier train. 要是我没有赶上早一班火车,我就不可能及时到会了。(事实是“我”及时到会)
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