VOA慢速英语:Protecting Children Against Pneumonia

protect against保护, 保卫

例句：We protected him against his enemy.
      我们保护他使他不受敌人侵犯。

      You need warm clothes to protect you against the cold.
      你需要暖和的衣服来御寒。

类似结构短语：

warn against告诫, 当心, 提防

例句：He warned me against pickpockets.
      他让我提防小偷。

      The doctor warned the patient against smoking.
      医生告诫病人不要吸烟。

2.That gamble paid off.

pay off〈非正〉取得成功;成功；奏效；达到目的

例句：Did your daring plan pay off?
      你那项大胆的计划成功了吗?

其他意思：

使得益; 有报偿

例句：The investor believes that his investment will pay off handsomely soon.
      这个投资者相信他的投资不久会有相当大的收益。

付清, 还清

例句：You must pay off your old loan before you can obtain a new one.
      你必须还清旧账, 然后才能再借款。

(付清工资后)解雇

例句：The boss paid off the employees.
      老板付清雇工工资后解雇了他们。

3. GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer have agreed to provide thirty million doses of the vaccine each year for ten years.

provide 提供[(+for)]

例句：On Sundays his landlady provided dinner as well as breakfast.
      星期天,他的女房东不但供给早餐,还供给晚餐。

装备,供给[(+with)]

例句：Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing.
      她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃,有衣穿。

provide与supply的区别

supply也是提供，多指提供日常必需品，或武器装备等。

         句型：supply sb. with sth.或supply sth. to sb.       例如：
    Our farm supplies the market with fruits and vegetables. 我们的农场为市场提供水果和蔬菜。

   All our classrooms are supplied  with electric lights.

 provide 提供,供给;是比较常用的，可以提供任何东西。

     句型：provide sb. with sth.或provide sth. for sb.    例如：

   She managed to provide her children with food and clothing. 她设法使她的孩子有饭吃,有衣穿。

4.Vaccination, which we tend to take for granted in countries like the United States or in Western Europe

tend to趋向

例句：Arthur's books tend to poverty.
      亚瑟的书趋于单调乏味。

take for granted认为…理所当然, 想当然

例句：Don't take his help for granted.
      不要认为他的帮助是应该的。

      We shouldn't take anything for granted.
      我们不要认为什么都是理所当然的。

5.That's not the case in poor countries. Vaccination is a life or death question for poor people and if you can vaccinate a child to prevent a disease from happening it is a lot more cost effective than it is to treat that disease afterwards.

a lot more cost effective成本高效。a lot用来修饰比较级。这是两者之间的对比，vaccinate a child to prevent a disease from happening和treat that disease afterwards之间的对比。