和谐英语

VOA慢速英语:Study Finds Drop in Deaths of Mothers in Developing World

2010-04-14来源:和谐英语
1.Researchers estimated how many mothers died during or soon after childbirth in one hundred eighty-one countries.

how many mothers died宾语从句,是estimated的宾语。during or soon after是时间状语。

soon after不久之后,稍后

例句:Very soon after the outbreak of war he was arrested.
      战争爆发之后不久他就被捕了。

类似的短语:

before long,long before

Before long与long before的区别:Before long意思是“不久以后”;long before意思是“很久以前”。
 
例句:

It looks as if it will rain before long. 
看起来一会儿就要下雨了。

I knew Tom long before I knew you. 
我在认识你之前很久就认识了汤姆。

2.By their count, the number fell from more than a half-million in nineteen eighty to about three hundred forty-three thousand in two thousand eight.

fall from……to……表示下降,从某个点下降到另外一个点。如果fall后直接跟数字,表示下降了多少。也可以跟分数,表示下降的幅度。

其他表示下降的常用说法有:fall, decrease, decline, down; 上升有rise, increase, up.

3.Doctor Murray says lower fertility rates around the world, combined with higher earnings, are also reducing deaths.

combined with结合,加上,和……一起,相当于along with

例句:Tobacco is taxed in most countries, along with alcohol.
      除酒以外, 烟草在多数国家都要征税。

4.The nations found to have the biggest reductions were Egypt, Ecuador and Bolivia.

found to have是后置定语,修饰nations。

5.The study linked almost one in every five such deaths in two thousand eight to the virus that causes AIDS.

one in every five表示分数

英语分数的表示法:1)用“基数词+序数词”表示

The centimeter is one-tenth of the decimeter or one-hundredth of the meter.厘米是分米的十分之一,或者说是米的百分之一。

However,the number of boys will bea third or less than the girls in the class.但是,班里男生的人数将比女生少三分之一或更少。

2)用per cent等表示

表示百分之一可以说one(a)hundredth,但更常用one percent或per cent,即用百分数表示法来表达。例如:

Our bodies are 65percent water.我们人体含65%水分。

3)用part表示

名词part有“……分之一”的意思,分子大于1时,part用复数。表示分数的结构一般有以下三种:
“基数词(或a)+序数词+part(s)” a hundred part百分之一
“基数词+part(s)+in+基数词” five parts in one thousand千分之五
“基数词+part(s)+per+基数词” one part per million百万分之一

4)用“基数词+介词+基数词”表示

借助介词表示分数,介词前的数词是分子,介词后的数词是分母。例如:

Ninety-nine people out of a hundred,if they were asked who first found America,would answer Clumbus.
如果要问是谁首先发现美洲,一百个人中有九十九个(百分之九十九)将回答是哥伦布。
 
这种结构中的介词主要有in,out of,of以及to