VOA慢速英语:Study Links Bedtime Rules to Better Skills in Preschool Children

make宾语补足语

make后跟宾语+宾语补足语的形式。最常见的使役动词有：make， have， leave。他们都表示“使得”，后面都可接宾语+宾语补足语的结构，但用法上有所不同。

　　一、make用作使役动词表示“使；使成为”时，可跟复合结构，即“make+宾语+宾语补足语”，其中的宾语补足语可以是形容词或名词、不带to的不定式、过去分词。

　　1)我们推选他为我们足球队队长。
　　We made him captain of our football team.

　　2)我们队赢了的消息使我们大家非常高兴。
　　The news that our team had won made us very happy.

　　3)大雨使得我们无法出去。
　　The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.

　　4)奇怪的声音使我们感到恐惧。
　　The strange noise made us frightened.

　　5)在交通嘈杂声中他无法使自己的声音提高到让别人听到。
　　He couldn’t make himself heard above the noise of the traffic.

　　6)什么东西使得草生长?
　　What makes the grass grow?

　　注意：过去分词作make的宾语补足语时，变为被动语态不用加to； 但当不定式作其宾补时，变为被动语态一定要加to。
　　这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。
　　The boy was made to work twelve hours a day.

2.For the study, they aimed for at least ten hours of sleep each night during the season.

aim for计划, 打算

例句：He aimed for her leg.
       他企图抓住她的腿。

      She was aiming for the top in her career.
      她立志攀登事业的顶峰。

3.SRI policy researcher Erika Gaylor says doctors can easily try to get parents to set regular bedtimes.

set的用法

set在英语中是一个很活跃的词,可以与一些介词和副词构成不同的词组。我们应该掌握set的以下几种用法:

一、set作及物动词,属不规则动词,其过去式及过去分词均为set,意为"放置;竖立"等

I told her to set the dishes on the table. 我叫她把碟子放到桌上。

It was the old man who set the ladder against the wall. 是那位老人把梯子靠在墙上。

动词set, lay, place, put 都可用来表示"放"。set一般指把某物垂直着放;lay一般指把某物横着或摊开着放;place指有意识地把某物放在较为确定的位置上,语气庄重;put是最普通的词,指较随意地放,可代替其它几个词。试比较:

He laid his book open on the desk and went out for play. 他把书摊在课桌上,出去玩耍。

二、set意为"安置;安排"(通常与副词连用)

The taxi driver set the wheel on the axle. 出租车司机把轮子装在轴上。

It was your turn to set rooms for the guests.该轮到你为客人安排房间。

三、 set意为"镶嵌;点缀"

The sky was set with tens of thousands of stars. 无数星星点缀着天空。

四、 set意为"使处于某种状态(位置)"

Don't worry. I've set everything in order.不必担心,我已使一切就绪。

五、作不及物动词,意为"(日、月等)落;凝固;凝结"

It will be cooler when the sun has set.太阳落后,天就会凉爽些。

As is known to us all, this kind of concrete sets quickly. 大家都知道,这种混凝土凝结得很快。

六、 和set构成的常用短语

1. set off "动身;使爆炸;使开始"。

They will set off for Paris next week.下星期他们将动身去巴黎。

2. set about"开始;着手"

Once I realized what was wrong, I set about correcting it. 我一认识到错误马上就纠正。

3. set out "出发;开始;陈述"

They will set out at dawn.他们将在拂晓出发。

4.set up"创造;建立;创办"

The young man has just set up a new national record in high jump. 那个小伙子刚创造跳高全国记录。

set构成的其它短语还有set an example to... 为......树立榜样;set a trap for ...为......设陷阱;set sail启航,等等。

此外,set 还可以作名词。a complete set of equipment成套设备。