VOA慢速英语:Nobel Prize in Economics Recognizes 'Market Designers'

From VOA Learning English, this is the Economics Report in Special English.
 
This year, the Nobel Prize for economics recognizes two Americans for their work. Staffan Normark, Permanent Secretary of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, made the announcement Monday.
今年的诺贝尔经济学奖认可了两位美国人的工作，瑞典皇家科学院常任秘书长斯塔凡•诺马克周一宣布这个结果。

“The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2012 to Professor Alvin Roth at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA…And to Professor Lloyd S. Shapley at University of California Los Angeles.”
“瑞典皇家科学院决定将2012年瑞典国家银行纪念阿尔弗雷德•诺贝尔经济学奖颁发给位于美国马萨诸塞州剑桥城的哈佛大学阿尔文•罗斯教授及加州大学洛杉矶分校的罗伊德•S•沙普利教授。”

Staffan Normark added the reason the two men won the prize.
斯塔凡•诺马克补充了这两人得奖的原因。

“For the theory of stable allocation and the practice of market design.”
“以鼓励他们在稳定配置理论及市场设计实践上所作出的贡献。”

The Nobel Prize in economics is often awarded for discoveries in how markets work or how market actors behave. But Alvin Roth and Lloyd Shapley thought of ways to design markets.
诺贝尔经济学奖通常被授予市场运行及市场参与者行为方面的发现，但罗斯和沙普利想出了设计市场的办法。

Per Krusell of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences explained it this way.
瑞典皇家科学院的佩尔•克鲁塞尔这么解释道：

“This year’s prize in economic sciences is about economic engineering. It’s about how to practically design certain markets so that they work well.”
“今年的经济学奖是关于经济工程，是关于如何从实际出发设计一定的市场使市场运转良好。”

Lloyd Shapley worked with David Gale on a research project in the 1960s. It dealt with how to match up ten men and ten women in strong, successful marriages.
上世纪60年代沙普利曾和戴维•戈尔一起合作过一个研究项目，项目研究将10名男子和10名女性配对，使之结成最成功的婚姻。

The two researchers developed an algorithm or mathematical formula. It provided a model suggesting a way that all those couples could be matched best.
两位研究者开发了一种算数公式，提出了一种模型，数名可以按照一种方式这些夫妇最匹配。

The algorithm did not do very much to solve anyone’s marriage issues. But it did suggest ways to understand some kinds of markets better.
这个算法在解决个人婚姻问题上没有多大作用，但却提供了更好理解一些类型的市场的办法。

David Gale died a few years ago. Alvin Roth built on the work, although he and Lloyd Shapley did not work together. Mr. Roth recognized the value of the Gale-Shapley findings. And he applied it to real-life markets.
戴维•戈尔几年前去世了，尽管阿尔文•罗斯并未和沙普利合作，但他的成果也建立在这个基础上。罗斯认识到了戈尔和沙普利的研究结果的价值，并把它应用到实际生活的市场中。

These included markets where the normal supply and demand relationship does not work, and where payment is not used. These markets require matching market actors such as organ donors and recipients, or students with public schools. Mr. Roth’s work was also used to match new doctors with hospitals.
这些市场包括那些正常的供求关系不能正常运行的市场上，支付手段在这里没有用上。这些市场要求相匹配的市场参加者诸如机构捐赠者和接受者，或学生与公立学校相匹配。罗斯的工作过去也被用在匹配新医生与医院。

The Royal Swedish Academy called the work of Mr. Roth and Mr. Shapley an outstanding example of economic engineering.
瑞典皇家科学院称罗斯与沙普利的工作是经济工程的出色典范。

Alvin Roth said market design is a new field and the prize may draw more attention to it.
阿尔文•罗斯说市场设计是个新领域，这个奖项可以吸引更多关注。

"You know, my colleagues and I work in an area that we're calling 'market design', which is sort of a newish area of economics and I'm sure that when I get to class this morning my students will pay more attention."
“要知道，我和同事们从事的领域被称作‘市场设计’，是经济学的新领域，我相信今天早上到教室的时候我的学生们会更关注这个。”

Alvin Roth and Lloyd Shapley will share the prize, which is worth over one million dollars.
阿尔文•罗斯教授和罗伊德•沙普利将共享这个价值超过100万美元的大奖。