正文
VOA慢速英语:Slow and Gentle Are Best in Treating Hypothermia
so……that引导结果状语从句
So… that…的意思是“如此地…以致于…”,它引导结果状语从句。在口语中,so…that…的that常被省去。例:
She felt so sad that tears came to her eyes.
她非常悲伤,泪水盈眶。
John was so drunk(that)he could not stand still.
约翰醉得站也站不住了。
He spoke so rapidly(that)we could hardly follow him.
他说得很快,我们很难听清楚他在说什么。
2.The treatment for mild hypothermia starts with getting out of the cold, and changing into dry clothes if necessary.
if necessary必要时, 如果必要的话,是if it is necessary的省略形式。
例句:If necessary they will go to the authorities themselves to press the demand.
如果必要, 他们将自己去找当局, 敦促他们接受这项要求。
If necessary, I'll be glad to run you about.
如果需要, 我们乐意用汽车接送你。
3.Taking a warm bath or sitting by a fire or doing some exercise can also help the body warm up.
warm up热身,重新煮热,变暖,感到亲切,激动
例句:The fireplace will warm up the cold room.
壁炉将使寒冷的屋子暖和起来。
She warmed up the leftovers of last night's dinner.
她热了热昨晚的剩饭。
4.Members of search and rescue teams have a saying that victims are not dead until they are warm and dead.
not until
until可用作介词或连词,意为“到……时候为止”、“到……时候才”或“在……时候以前不”。什么情况下表达什么意思,关键要看(主)句中的谓语动词是终止性动词还是延续性动词。
1. 如果(主)句中的谓语动词是终止性动词,应采用“... not ... until ...”结构,意为“……到……时候才……”。例如:
You mustn’t eat anything until you see the doctor. 看过医生之后,你才能吃东西。
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 车停稳了以后再下车。
2. 如果(主)句中的谓语动词是延续性动词,那么谓语动词用肯定式或否定式,它们所表达的意思有所不同。
1) 如果谓语动词为肯定式,则until译为“到……时候为止”。例如:
I watched TV until she came back. 我看电视一直看到她回来。
2) 如果谓语动词为否定式,则until应译为“到……时候才”,即“在……以前不”。例如:
I did not watch TV until she came back. (= I began to watch TV when/after she came back.) 直到她回来我才开始看电视。
3. 用终止性动词作谓语时, until既可以和not连用,又可以和never, nobody, nothing, few, little, seldom, hardly等含否定
意义的词连用。例如:
I had not seen him until 1990. (= I had never seen him until 1990.) 1990年以前我从未见过他。
Don’t put off until tomorrow what you can do today. (= Never put off what you can do today till tomorrow.) 今日事,今日毕。
4. 连词until引导的从句中谓语动词的时态。
1) 主句的谓语动词为一般现在时或一般将来时时, until从句中的谓语动词为现在完成时,用来强调从句谓语动词表示的动作发生在主
句谓语动词表示的动作之前。试比较:
I won’t go to bed until I have finished my homework. 我要完成作业才睡觉。
2) 主句中的谓语动词为一般过去时时,从句中的谓语动词为过去完成时,用来强调从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。试比较:
Li Lei didn’t come until the film had begun. 直到电影开演,李雷才来。
〔特别提醒〕 till和until的意思基本相同,用法也基本一样,但until语气较重,多用于较正式的文体里。 till多用于英式英语, until多用于美式英语; till不能用在句首,也不能用在not开头的短语或从句里,而until可以。例如:
Until he came home, we knew the news. 在他到家之前,我们不知道这消息。
Not until nine o’clock yesterday evening did we finish the work. 直到昨晚九点,我们才完成这项工作。
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