VOA慢速英语:贸易纠纷爆发，中国对美国产品加征进口税

tariffs –n. taxes on imported or exported goods or services

subsidy –n. money paid, usually by a government, that keeps the price of a product or service low

mandatory –adj. something that is required or that must be done

transfer –v. to hand over, to move from one place to another

substantial –adj. a large or important amount, size or number

scrap –adj. leftover or unused parts (often used for recycling)