Boston Common: America’s First Public Park

Almost 400 years ago, America's early European colonists voted to tax each household in Boston about $70 in today's money. The money was used to buy a local farm. The plan was to use it as a common area for the public.

That is how Boston Common, in the state of Massachusetts, became America's first public park.

Liz Vizza is president of the Friends of the Public Garden, an organization that supports Boston Common. She noted that Bostonians did not have backyards – private outdoor spaces behind their homes. Boston Common, she said, became "their front yard and backyard and common ground. It was a place that everybody owned."

On any given day, colonists walking though Boston Common would see soldiers setting up camp or their neighbors taking walks. They may also have seen public punishments. Presidents George Washington and John Adams also visited the park.

Visitors would have seen cows, because everyone had the right to keep one cow per household in the area.

Today, visitors will find dogs instead of cows in the 20-hectare park. The cows became outlawed in 1830 as Boston Common became more of a place for recreation.

Friends of the Public Garden estimates that Boston Common sees 7 million visitors each year.

"Boston Common is a central stage of civic life in Boston and it's been that center stage of civic life for hundreds of years, ever since it began as a park in 1634," Vizza said. "America's oldest park is a place where we come to celebrate, we come to protest, we come to find a place alone," she added.

Boston Common is home to several large pieces of art. They include "The Embrace," a sculpture that shows civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. holding his wife, Coretta Scott King. The Brewer Fountain was the park's first public piece of art. It won the top award at the 1855 World's Fair in Paris, France.

The pieces of art found on the Common may soon change to include a wider selection of subjects.

Vizza said, "We want people to look at it with new eyes and just have a deeper understanding and respect and awareness of the history."

That history includes the native Massachusett tribe, the first people to live where the Common is now. The state of Massachusetts is named after the Massachusett people.

Vizza said, "People have lived on this land for 12,000 years. So, we do want to think about colonial America because that's a fascinating story for us. But what's an even more fascinating story is to peel those layers open to think about the Native Americans living here."

Vizza's team is working with tribal members to develop a piece to recognize the Massachusett tribe. They hope to have something in place by 2026, when America will celebrate its 250th birthday.

I'm Ashley Thompson.

Dora Mekouar reported this story for voice of America. Gregory Stachel adapted it for VOA Learning English.

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park – n. a piece of public land in or near a city that is kept free of houses and other buildings and can be used for pleasure and exercise

recreation – n. something people do to relax or have fun: activities done for enjoyment

civic – adj. of or relating to a city or town or the people who live there

sculpture – n. a piece of art that is made by carving or molding clay, stone, or metal

landscape – n. a picture that shows a natural scene of land or the countryside

awareness – adj. knowing that something (such as a situation, condition, or problem) exists

fascinating – adj. very interesting or appealing